Ituzaingó Formation

Ituzaingó Formation
Stratigraphic range: Tortonian (Huayquerian)
~9.0–7.3 Ma
PreꞒ
O
S
D
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N
TypeGeological formation
Sub-unitsConglomerado Osifero Member
UnderliesPuerto Alvear, Hernandarías, Timbúes & Yupoí Formations
OverliesParaná & Rosario Formations
Area120,000 km2 (46,000 sq mi)
ThicknessUp to 150 m (490 ft)
Typically 10–20 m (33–66 ft)
Lithology
PrimarySandstone, mudstone
OtherConglomerate
Location
LocationMesopotamia
Coordinates31°42′S 60°24′W / 31.7°S 60.4°W / -31.7; -60.4
Approximate paleocoordinates31°48′S 58°18′W / 31.8°S 58.3°W / -31.8; -58.3
RegionCorrientes, Santa Fe & Entre Ríos Provinces
CountryArgentina
ExtentParaná Basin
Type section
Named forItuzaingó
Named byDe Alba
Year defined1953

The Ituzaingó Formation (Spanish: Formación Ituzaingó), in older literature also described as Entre Ríos or Entrerriana Formation, is an extensive geological formation of Late Miocene (Tortonian, or Huayquerian in the SALMA classification) age in the Paraná Basin of the Corrientes, Santa Fe and Entre Ríos Provinces in Mesopotamia, northeastern Argentina.[1] The formation comprises mudstones, cross-bedded sandstones and conglomerates deposited in a fluvio-deltaic environment and is renowned for the preservation of a rich fossil assemblage, including many mammals, birds, reptiles, fish, bivalves, foraminifera, ichnofossils and flora.

Description

Map of the Paraná River drainage basin with the river indicated. Most outcrops of the Ituzaingó Formation flank the middle course of the Paraná River.

The Ituzaingó Formation was first described by De Alba in 1953 and later by Herbst in 1971.[2] The up to 150 metres (490 ft), but in most areas between 10 and 20 metres (33 and 66 ft) thick formation is found in an area of 120,000 square kilometres (46,000 sq mi),[3] stretching from the Paraná River to 40 kilometres (25 mi) east of Tostado.[4] The Ituzaingó Formation crops out in the northeasternmost part of Argentina (Mesopotamia), in the provinces of Corrientes, Santa Fe and Entre Ríos, among other locations along the banks of the Paraná River.[5]

Stratigraphy

The formation overlies the marine Paraná Formation and is unconformably overlain by the Puerto Alvear,[6] Hernandarías and Yupoí Formations of Early Pleistocene (Uquian and Ensenadan respectively) age.[5][7][8] At the shores of the Paraná River, the formation underlies the Timbúes Formation.[9] In certain places along the same river, the formation cuts into the underlying Rosario Formation.[10]

The formation contains a basal conglomeratic member "Conglomerado osífero" (bony conglomerate) with abundant vertebrate remains.[11] This conglomerate is overlain by almost unfossiliferous whitish to yellow brown sandstones and green mudstones. The Ituzaingó Formation (as Entre Ríos Formation) was correlated with the Puelches Formation of the subsurface of Buenos Aires Province. According to the mammals occurring in the conglomerate and the stratigraphic relationships, the age of the base of Ituzaingo Formation is almost exclusively Tortonian (Late Miocene) or Huayquerian in the SALMA classification.[12]

Depositional environment

The formation, as the Paraná and Puelches Formations, has been deposited in a vast Miocene tidal flat environment.[13] Both the terrestrial and freshwater fauna of the Ituzaingó Formation indicates a climate warmer than present. The freshwater vertebrate record suggests important basin connections with Amazonian basins.[11]

Alternatively, the Conglomerado Osífero Member has been interpreted as tide-dominated fluvial channels, pertaining to the marine Paraná Formation.[14]

Fossil content

The Ituzaingó Formation has provided a large variety of fossils, of various groups, from mammals to birds and reptiles to fish and flora. The terrestrial fauna is predominant while a few marine genera are also present.[15] The presence of typical Amazonian freshwater fish and absence of austral fauna in both the underlying Paraná and the Ituzaingó Formation suggests a connection with northern areas of South America. The faunas has been correlated to the older Miocene faunas of the Honda Group at La Venta in Colombia, the Urumaco Formation at Urumaco in Venezuela and the Pebas Formation of the Amazon region of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Brazil.[16] Several ground sloth genera present in the Ituzaingó Formation are endemic from this unit, whereas other are also present in the Arroyo Chasicó Formation of Buenos Aires Province, the Andalhuala and Corral Quemado Formations of Catamarca Province, and the Toro Negro Formation of La Rioja Province.[17]

Birds

Taxa Species Presence Abundance Description Images Notes
Andalgalornis A. steulleti
Devincenzia D. pozzi
Macranhinga M. paranensis
M. ranzii
Palaelodus P. cf. ambiguus
Rhea R. (Pterocnemia) mesopotamica
Megapaloelodus M. sp.
Phoenicopteridae Indeterminate.
Phorusrhacidae Indetermidate.
Rallidae Indeterminate.
Rheidae Indeterminate.

Mammals

Chiroptera

Taxa Species Presence Abundance Description Images Notes
Eumysops E. parodii
Notictis N. ortizi

Cetaceans

Taxa Species Presence Abundance Description Images Notes
Saurocetes S. gigas
Iniidae indet.

Litopterns

Taxa Species Presence Abundance Description Images Notes
Brachytherium B. cuspidatum
Cullinia C. sp.
Diadiaphorus D. paranensis
Neobrachytherium N. ameghinoi
Oxyodontherium O. piramydatus
O. zeballosi
Paranauchenia P. denticulata
Promacrauchenia P. antiqua
Proterotherium P. cervioides
Scalabrinitherium S. bravardi
S. rothii

Marsupials

Taxa Species Presence Abundance Description Images Notes
Philander P. entrerianus
Chironectes C. sp.
Zygolestes Z. paranensis

Sparassodonts

Taxa Species Presence Abundance Description Images Notes
Thylacosmilus T. atrox
Stylocynus S. paranensis

Rodents

Taxa Species Presence Abundance Description Images Notes
Briaromys B. trouessartianus
Cardiatherium C. paranense
Carlesia C. pendolai
Diaphoromys D. compressidens
D. gamayensis
D. mesopotamicus
Doellomys D. parcus
Eumegamys E. contortus
E. dubius
E. scalabrinianus
E. paranensis
Eumegamysops E. praependens
Gyriabrus G. glutinatus
G. holmbergi
G. indivisus
G. rebagliattii
Haplostropha H. sacabriniana
Isostylomys I. ameghinoi
I. laurillardi
Lagostomopsis L. antiquus
L. pallidens
Myocastor M. obesus
M. paranensis
M. sinuata
Neoepiblema N. ambrosettianus
N. horridula
Olenopsis O. typicus
Paradoxomys P. cancrivorus
Pentastylodon P. racedi
Pentastylomys P. seriei
Perimys P. scalabrinianus
Phoberomys P. burmeisteri
P. insolita
P. lozanoi
P. minima
P. praecursor
Phugatherium P. cataclisticum
Potamarchus P. murinus
P. sigmodon
Protabrocoma P. paranensis
Protomegamys P. coligatus
Pseudosigmomys P. paranensis
Rusconia R. crassidens
Strophostephanos S. jheringi
Telodontomys T. compressidens
Tetrastylomys T. castellanosi
Tetrastylus T. aguilari
T. diffusus
T. laevigatus
T. robustus
T. (Protelicomys) atavus
Anatochoerus
Anchimysops A. sp.
Cardiatherium
Cardiomys
Caviodon
Colpostemma sp.
Contracavia
Kiyutherium
Paleocavia
Parodimys
Plexochoerus
Pliodolichotis
Procardiatherium
Prodolichotis
Protohydrochoerus

Toxodonts

Taxa Species Presence Abundance Description Images Notes
Adinotherium ?A. paranense
?Berroia ?B. sp.
Dilobodon D. lutarius
Dinotoxodon D. paranensis
Eutomodus E. elautus
Haplodontherium H. limun
Palaeotoxodon P. paranensis
?P. protoburmeisteri
?P. virgatus
Stenotephanos S. plicidens
Toxodontherium T.compressum
T. reverendum
Xotodon X. doellojuradi
X. foricurvatus

Typotheres

Taxa Species Presence Abundance Description Images Notes
Munyizia M. paranensis
Protypotherium P. antiquum
Trachytypotherium T. sp.

Xenarthrans

Cingulates
Taxa Species Presence Abundance Description Images Notes
Berthawyleria B. sp.
Chasicotatus C. spinozai
Chlamyphractus C. pressulus
Comaphorus C. concisus A dubious glyptodont.
Dasypus D. neogarus Relatives of nine-banded armadillos.
Eleutherocercus E. paranensis A glyptodont.
Kraglievichia K. paranense
Macroeuphractus M. retusus
Palaehoplophorus P. antiquus
Paraglyptodon P. paranensis
Parahoplophorus P. paranensis
Plohophorus P. paranensis
Proeuphractus P. limpidus
Protoglyptodon P. primiformis
Pseudoeuryurus P. lelongianus
Scirrotherium S. carinatum
Trachycalyptus ?T. cingulatus
Urotherium U. interundatum
Zaedyus ?Z. sp.
Ground sloths
Taxa Species Presence Abundance Description Images Notes
Amphiocnus A. paranense
Eomegatherium E. nanum
Megabradys M. darwini
Megalonychops M. primigenius
Mesopotamocnus M. brevirostrum
Neohapalops N. rothi
Octomylodon O. aversus
Ortotherium O. laticurvatum
O. robustum
O. schlosseri
O. scrofum
O. seneum
Paranabradys P. vucetichae
Pliomegatherium P. lelongi
Pliomorphus P. ameghinoi
P. gracilis
P. mutilatus
P. robustus
Prolestodon P. antiquus
P. paranensis
Promegatherium P. parvulum
P. smaltatum
Promylodon P. paranensis
Pronothrotherium P. mirabilis
Protomegalonyx P. doellojuradoi
P. praecursor
Pyramiodontherium P. sp.
Ranculcus R. scalabrinianus
Scelidotheriidae Indeterminate.
Sphenotherus S. paranensis
Strabosodon S. acuticavus
S. obtusicavus
Torcellia T. paranense

Other Mammals

Taxa Species Presence Abundance Description Images Notes
Cyonasua C. argentina

Reptiles

Taxa Species Presence Abundance Description Images Notes
Caiman C. australis
C. cf. yacare
C. gasparinae
C. latriostris
C. lutescens
C. yacare
Gryposuchus G. neogaeus
Mourasuchus M. arendsi
Tupinambis T. cf. merianae
Parahydraspis P. paranaensis
Phrynops P. cf. geoffroanus
Testudo T. paranensis

Fish

Taxa Species Presence Abundance Description Images Notes
Colossoma C. macropomum
Megapiranha M. paranensis
Potamotrygon P. motoro
Squatina S. dumeril
Phractocephalus P. ivy
Cynodontidae Indetermidate.

Invertebrates

Taxa Species Presence Abundance Description Images Notes
Protelphidium P. tuberculatum
Ostrea O. sp.

Microflora

Taxa Species Presence Abundance Description Images Notes
Anadenantheroxylon A. villaurquicense
Astroniumxylon A. bonplandianum
A. parabalansae
Curtiembreoxylon C. poledrii
Gleditsioxylon G. paramorphoides
Guadua G. morronei
G. zuloagae
Laurinoxylon L. artabeae
Mangroveoxylon M.areniensis
Menendoxylon M. vasallensis
Microlobiusxylon M. paranaensis
Maytenoxylon M. sp.
Mimosoxylon M. sp.
Palmoxylon P. yuqueriense
Prosopisinoxylon P. americanum
Prumnopityoxylon P. gnaedingerae
Ruprechtioxylon R. breae
Scalarixylon S. sp.
Schinopsixylon S. heckii
Soroceaxylon S. entrerriensis
Syagrus S. sp.
Uruguaianoxylon U. striata

Icnofossils

Taxa Species Presence Abundance Description Images Notes
Arenicolites

Huayquerian correlations

Huayquerian correlations in South America
Formation Cerro Azul Ituzaingó Paraná Camacho Raigón Andalhuala Chiquimil Las Flores Maimará Palo Pebas Muyu Rosa Saldungaray Salicas Urumaco Map
Basin Colorado Paraná Hualfín Tontal Andes Salta Amazon Huasi Altiplano BA Velasco Falcón
Ituzaingó Formation is located in South America
Ituzaingó Formation
Ituzaingó Formation
Ituzaingó Formation
Ituzaingó Formation
Ituzaingó Formation
Ituzaingó Formation
Ituzaingó Formation
Ituzaingó Formation
Ituzaingó Formation
Ituzaingó Formation
Ituzaingó Formation
Ituzaingó Formation
Ituzaingó Formation
Ituzaingó Formation
Ituzaingó Formation
Ituzaingó Formation (South America)
Country  Argentina  Uruguay  Argentina  Brazil
 Peru
 Bolivia  Argentina  Venezuela
Cardiatherium
Lagostomus
Macroeuphractus
Proeuphractus
Pronothrotherium
Pseudotypotherium
Thylacosmilus
Xotodon
Macraucheniidae
Primates
Rodents
Reptiles
Birds
Terror birds
Flora
Environments Aeolian-fluvial Fluvio-deltaic Fluvial Fluvio-lacustrine Fluvial Fluvio-lacustrine Fluvio-deltaic
Huayquerian volcanoclastics

Huayquerian fauna

Huayquerian flora
Volcanic Yes

See also

References

  1. ^ Ituzaingó Formation at Fossilworks.org
  2. ^ Vezzosi, 2015, p.27
  3. ^ Vezzosi, 2015, p.28
  4. ^ Vezzosi, 2015, p.29
  5. ^ a b Franco, 2014, p.16
  6. ^ Brunetto, 2013, p.22
  7. ^ Cione et al., 2000, p.195
  8. ^ Cione et al., 2009, p.3
  9. ^ Vezzosi, 2015, p.41
  10. ^ Vezzosi, 2015, p.75
  11. ^ a b Cione et al., 2005, p.49
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i Colonia La Celina at Fossilworks.org
  13. ^ Torra, 2005, p.46
  14. ^ Martín Pérez, 2013, p.291
  15. ^ Martín Pérez, 2013, p.27
  16. ^ Cione et al., 2005, p.58
  17. ^ Brandoni, 2013, p.135
  18. ^ a b c d e f g h i Paraná, Pueblo Brugo to Diamante, Ituzaingó Fm. at Fossilworks.org
  19. ^ Noriega & Agnolin, 2008, pp.272-285
  20. ^ Agnolin & Noriega, 2012
  21. ^ a b c d e Ciudad de Paraná at Fossilworks.org
  22. ^ a b Candela, 2005, pp.43–46
  23. ^ a b Scillato et al., 2013, pp.119–120
  24. ^ a b Góis et al., 2013, p.177
  25. ^ Brandoni & Scillato, 2007, p.430
  26. ^ Brandoni & Scillato, 2007, p.431
  27. ^ Brandoni, 2008, p.14
  28. ^ Brandoni, 2008, p.16
  29. ^ Brandoni, 2011, p.36
  30. ^ Brandoni, 2014, p.34
  31. ^ Scheyer & Delfino, 2016, p.56
  32. ^ Cione et al., 2009, p.4
  33. ^ Cione et al., 2013, p.70
  34. ^ a b Cione et al., 2005, p.52
  35. ^ Azpelicueta & Cione, 2016, p.221
  36. ^ a b Torra, 2005, p.45
  37. ^ Franco, 2018, p.646
  38. ^ Franco, 2014, p.25
  39. ^ Brea et al., 2013a, pp.45-47
  40. ^ Brea et al., 2013b, p.4
  41. ^ Franco & Brea, 2015, p.3
  42. ^ Moya & Brea, 2020

Bibliography

  • El Neógeno de la Mesopotamia argentina
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    • Scillato Yané, Gustavo J.; Flávio Góis; Alfredo E. Zurita; Alfredo A. Carlini; Laureano R. González Ruiz; Cecilia M. Krmpotic; Cristian Oliva, and Martín Zamorano. 2013. Los Cingulata (Mammalia, Xenarthra) del "Conglomerado Osífero" (Miocene tardío) de la Formación Ituzaingó de Entre Ríos, Argentina. Revista de la Asociación Paleontológica Argentina Publicación Especial 14. 118–134. Accessed 2018-10-08.
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  • Agnolín, Federico L., and Jorge I. Noriega. 2012. Una nueva especie de ñandú (Aves: Rheidae) del Mioceno tardío de la Mesopotamia Argentina. Ameghiniana 49. 236–246. Accessed 2018-10-08.
  • Azpelicueta, María de las Mercedes, and Alberto Luis Cione. 2016. A southern species of the tropical catfish genus Phractocephalus (Teleostei: Siluriformes) in the Miocene of South America. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 67. 221–230. Accessed 2018-10-08.
  • Brandoni, Diego. 2014. A new genus of Megalonychidae (Mammalia, Xenarthra) from the Late Miocene of Argentina. Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia 17. 33–42. Accessed 2018-10-08.
  • Brandoni, Diego. 2011. The Megalonychidae (Xenarthra, Tardigrada) from the late Miocene of Entre Ríos Province, Argentina, with remarks on their systematics and biogeography. Geobios 44. 33–44. Accessed 2018-10-08.
  • Brandoni, Diego. 2008. Nuevos materiales de Ortotheriinae (Xenarthra, Tardigrada, Megalonychidae) procedentes del "Mesopotamiense" (Mioceno tardío) de Entre Ríos. Temas de la Biodiversidad del Litoral 17. 11–20. Accessed 2018-10-08.
  • Brandoni, Diego, and Gustavo J. Scillato Yané. 2007. Los Megatheriinae (Xenarthra, Tardigrada) del Terciario de Entre Ríos, Argentina: aspectos taxonómicos y sistemáticos. Ameghiniana 44. 427–434. Accessed 2018-10-08.
  • Brea, Mariana; Alejandro F. Zucol, and María Jimena Franco. 2013b. A new Bambusoideae (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae: Guaduinae) from the Ituzaingó Formation (Pliocene–Pleistocene), Entre Ríos, Argentina. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 192. 1–9. Accessed 2018-10-08.
  • Candela, Adriana Magdalena. 2005. Los roedores del "Mesopotamiense" (Mioceno tardío, Formación Ituzaingó) de la provincia de Entre Ríos (Argentina). INSUGEO 14. 37–48. Accessed 2018-10-08.
  • Cione, L.A.; W.M. Dahdul; J.G. Lundberg, and A. Machado Allison. 2009. Megapiranha paranensis, a new genus and species of Serrasalmidae (Characiformes, Teleostei) from the upper Miocene of Argentina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29. 350–358. Accessed 2018-10-08.
  • Cione, Alberto Luis; Jorge Rafael Casciotta; María de las Mercedes Azpelicueta; María Julia Barla, and Mario Alberto Cozzuol. 2005. Peces marinos y continentales del Mioceno del área mesopotámica argentina. Edad y relaciones biogeográficas. INSUGEO 14. 49–64. Accessed 2018-10-08.
  • Cione, A.L.; M.M. Azpelicueta; M. Bond; A.A. Carlini; J.R. Casciotta; M.A. Cozzuol; M. Fuente; Z. Gasparini, and F.J. Goin, J. Noriega, G.J. Scillato Yané, L. Soibelzon, E.P. Tonni, D. Verzi, and M.G. Vucetich. 2000. Miocene vertebrates from Entre Rios province, eastern Argentina. Serie Correlación Geológica 14. 191–237. Accessed 2018-10-08.
  • Franco, María Jimena. 2018. Small Celastraceae and Polygonaceae twigs from the Upper Cenozoic (Ituzaingó Formation) of the La Plata Basin, Argentina. Historical Biology 30. 646–660. Accessed 2018-10-08.
  • Franco, María Jimena, and Marianne Brea. 2015. First extra-Patagonian record of Podocarpaceae fossil wood in the Upper Cenozoic (Ituzaingó Formation) of Argentina. New Zealand Journal of Botany 53. 103–116. Accessed 2018-10-08.
  • Franco, María Jimena. 2014. Estípites de Arecaceae en la Formación Ituzaingó (Plioceno-Pleistoceno), Entre Ríos, Argentina. Acta Geológica Lilloana 26. 14–29. Accessed 2018-10-08.
  • Góis, Flávio; Gustavo Juan Scillato Yané; Alfredo Armando Carlini, and Edson Guilherme. 2013. A new species of Scirrotherium Edmund & Theodor, 1997 (Xenarthra, Cingulata, Pampatheriidae) from the late Miocene of South America. Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 37. 177–188. Accessed 2018-10-08.
  • Martín Pérez, Leandro. 2013. Sistemática, tafonomía y paleoecología de los invertebrados de la Formación Paraná (Mioceno), Provincia de Entre Ríos, Argentina (PhD thesis), 1–398. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Accessed 2018-10-08.
  • Moya, Eliana, and Mariana Brea. 2020. Combretaceous fossil wood from Ituzaingó Formation (Late Miocene?), Argentina, indicate a coastal marine environment. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology in press. Article 104270. . doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2020.104270
  • Noriega, Jorge I., and Federico L. Agnolin. 2008. El registro paleontológico de las Aves del "Mesopotamiense" (Formación Ituzaingó; Mioceno tardío-Plioceno) de la provincia de Entre Ríos, Argentina (Mioceno Superior) de Argentina. Temas de la Biodiversidad del Litoral III 17. 271–290. Accessed 2018-10-08.
  • Scheyer, T.M., and M. Delfino. 2016. The late Miocene caimanine fauna (Crocodylia: Alligatoroidea) of the Urumaco Formation, Venezuela. Palaeontologia Electronica 19. 1–57. Accessed 2018-10-09.
  • Torra, Roberto. 2005. The Chaco Paraná Basin rift basin system. An approach to the tectonic-stratigraphical evolution from the Late Cretaceous to Quaternary. Ciência e Natura 27. 25–64. Accessed 2018-10-08.
  • Vezzosi, Raúl Ignacio. 2015. Diversidad de los mamíferos del Pleistoceno de la Provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina: aspectos taxonómicos, bioestratigráficos y paleobiogeográficos relacionados (PhD thesis), 1–913. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Accessed 2018-10-08.

Further reading

  • Brandoni, Diego; Gustavo J. Scillato Yané; Ángel R. Miño Boilini, and Emmanuel Favotti. 2016. Los Tardigrada (Mammalia, Xenarthra) de Argentina: diversidad, evolución y biogeografía. Contribuciones del MACN _. 263–274. Accessed 2018-10-08.
  • Croft, Darin A. 2016. Horned Armadillos and Rafting Monkeys: The Fascinating Fossil Mammals of South America, 1–320. Indiana University Press ISBN 9780253020949. Accessed 2018-10-08.
  • Simpson, George Gaylord. 1996. Splendid Isolation: The Curious History of South American Mammals, 1–275. UMI ISBN 9780783733111. Accessed 2018-10-08.
  • Tambussi, Claudia P., and Federico Degrange. 2012. South American and Antarctic Continental Cenozoic Birds: Paleobiogeographic Affinities and Disparities, 1–113. Springer ISBN 9789400754676. Accessed 2018-10-08.