Battle of Kafir Qala
Battle of Kafir Qala | |||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||
Durrani Empire | Qajar Iran | ||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
Fateh Khan Barakzai (WIA) Sher dil Khan Barakzai Kohandil Khan Barakzai Sher Mohammad Hazara Mohammad Khan Qaraei-Torbati | Dowlatshah Mirza Abdul Wahhab Khan Faiz Ali Khan |
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- 1st Civil War
- 1st Ghilzai
- Chindawol
- 1st Herat
- Shahda
- Nimla
- 3rd Herat
- Attock
- 4th Herat
- Kafir Qal'eh
- Multan
- 2nd Civil War
- 3rd Civil War
- Shopian
- Nowshera
- 5th Herat
- 1st Hazara
- 6th Herat
- 1st Shuja
- Jalalabad
- Peshawar
- Jamrud
- 7th Herat
- 1st Afghan Turkestan
- 1st Britain, 2nd Shuja
- 2nd Hazara
- 1st Kandahar
- Tagab
- 1st Chahar Wilayat
- Balkh
- 2nd Kandahar, 8th Herat
- Aqcha
- 2nd Afghan Turkestan
- 9th Herat
- Sheberghan
- 3rd Kandahar
- 10th Herat
- Maimana (1857)
- 1st Khost
- Kunduz
- 11th Herat
- 2nd Civil War
- 12th Herat
- 13th Herat
- 2nd Chahar Wilayat
- 2nd Britain
- 14th Herat
- 3rd Civil War
- 1st Maimana
- 1st Ghilzai
- 2nd Turkestan
- 3rd Hazara
- 4th Hazara
- 2nd Maimana
- 5th Hazara
- Kafiristan
- 2nd Khost
- 1st Urtatagai
- 3rd Britain
- Alizai
- 3rd Khost
- 2nd Urtatagai
- 4th Civil War
- 1st Soviet Union
- Shinwari
- 1st Kuhistan
- 2nd Kuhistan
- 2nd Soviet Union
- 2nd Ghilzai
- Tribal revolts
- 6th Hazara
- 7th Hazara
- Republican coup
The Battle of Kafir Qala (Persian: نبرد کافر قلعه, romanized: Nabard-e Kāfir Qal'ah) was fought in June 1818 between Iran and the Durrani Empire.
The Persians had captured Herat in 1816 but were forced to abandon it when the Afghans resisted the occupation of the city with an intense guerrilla war on the countryside. In 1818 the Persian Shah, Fath-Ali Shah Qajar, sent his son Prince Mohammad Ali Mirza, known as Dowlatshah, with a huge Persian army to recapture Herat. The Persians marched from Khorasan and met the Afghan army shortly after crossing the border in the town of Kafir Qala.
Battle
Although the exact numbers are debatable, all sources agree that the Durrani forces outnumbered the Qajars more than 2 to 1.[1] The battle were set up as follows:
On Fateh Khan's right wing was Sherdil Khan with his Sistani, Firozkohi, and Jamshidi tribal forces.[2] On the left side he placed Kohandil Khan with Herati, Taymani, and Darazi troops. The forces of Banyad Khan Hazara, chieftain of the Hazara tribesmen of Bakharz and Jam, were positioned on the right side with Sherdil Khan. Mohammad Khan Qara'i was positioned on the left side with Kohandil Khan.[2]
On the Iranian side, Mirza ʿAbd al-Wahhab Khan “Mutamid al-Daula” and FayzʿAli Khan Qowanlu-ye Qajar formed the right side with their Khwajawand and 'Abd al-Maliki cavalry. In front of the right wing, Astarabadi infantry were placed with a single piece of artillery.[2] The flank of the right wing included Husayn Qoli Khan Bayat Nishapuri with the infantry of Khorasan.
During the battle, Fateh Khan was shot in the mouth. This had a grave impact on the morale of the Afghan army, forcing them to retreat to Herat.[1]
The result of the battle was inconclusive.[1] Both armies fled from each other, and the Hazaras plundered the baggage of both.[1][3]
References
- ^ a b c d Noelle-Karimi, Christine (2014). The Pearl in Its Midst: Herat and the Mapping of Khurasan (15th-19th Centuries). Austrian Academy of Sciences Press. p. 221. ISBN 978-3-7001-7202-4.
- ^ a b c McChesney, Robert; Khorrami, Mohammad Mehdi (2012). The History of Afghanistan. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-23498-7.[page needed]
- ^ Patterson, Michael O'Rourke (1988). A partial translation of 'Ayn al-Vaqayi' (Wellspring of Events): The third of twelve works in 'Bahr al-Fava'id: Kuliyat-i Riyazi' (Unlimited Benefits: The Complete Works of Riyazi) of Muhammad Yusuf (Thesis).[page needed]
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