Setiausaha Perang Amerika Syarikat
Setiausaha Perang Amerika Syarikat | |
---|---|
United States Secretary of War | |
Mohor rasmi | |
Bendera Setiausaha Perang | |
Jabatan Perang Amerika Syarikat | |
Gelaran | Tuan Setiausaha |
Anggota bagi | Kabinet Amerika Syarikat |
Lapor kepada | Presiden |
Bidang kuasa | Amerika Syarikat |
Institusi | Jabatan Perang Amerika Syarikat |
Kediaman | Washington |
Pusat | Washington, D.C. |
Dilantik oleh | Presiden atas nasihat dan persetujuan Senat |
Tempoh jawatan | Tiada tempoh ditetapkan |
Pelopor | Setiausaha masa Perang |
Dibentuk | 1789 |
Pemegang pertama | Henry Knox |
Pemegang akhir | Kenneth C. Royall |
Dimansuhkan | 1947 |
Digantikan oleh | Setiausaha Tentera Darat Amerika Syarikat, Setiausaha Tentera Udara Amerika Syarikat dan Setiausaha Tentera Laut Amerika Syarikat |
Penggantian | Setiausaha Pertahanan Setiausaha Tentera Darat Setiausaha Tentera Udara |
Senarai | List of United States Secretaries of War (en) |
sunting · sunting di Wikidata |
Setiausaha Perang adalah anggota Kabinet Presiden Amerika Syarikat, bermula dengan pentadbiran George Washington. Satu jawatan yang sama, samada dipanggil "Setiausaha masa Perang" atau "Setiausaha Perang," telah dilantik untuk berkhidmat dengan Kongres Konfederasi dibawah Artikel Konfederasi antara tahun 1781 dan 1789. Benjamin Lincoln dan kemudian Henry Knox menyandang jawatan itu. Apabila Washington dilantik sebagai presiden pertama dibawah Perlembagaan, beliau melantik Knox untuk terus berkhidmat.
Setiausaha Perang merupakan ketua Jabatan Perang. Pada mulanya, beliau bertanggungjawab bagi semua urusan ketenteraan, termasuk hal ehwal tentera laut. Pada tahun 1798, Setiausaha Tentera Laut telah diwujudkan oleh statut, dan skop tanggungjawab bagi pejabat ini dikurangkan kepada hal ehwal Tentera Darat Amerika Syarikat. Dari tahun 1886 seterusnya, Setiausaha Perang berada di tempat ketiga dalam susunan penggantian jawatan presiden, selepas Naib Presiden Amerika Syarikat dan Setiausaha Negara.
Pada tahun 1947, dengan pelulusan Akta Keselamatan Negara 1947, Setiausaha Perang digantikan oleh Setiausaha Tentera Darat dan Setiausaha Tentera Udara, yang, berserta dengan Setiausaha Tentera Laut, sejak tahun 1949 menjadi subordinat bukan-Kabinet dibawah Setiausaha Pertahanan. Pejabat Setiausaha Tentera Darat secara umumnya dianggap pengganti terus kepada Setiausaha Perang walaupun Setiausaha Pertahanan mengambil tempat Setiausaha Perang dalam Kabinet, dan susunan penggantian jawatan presiden.
Senarai Setiausaha
Setiausaha masa Perang (1781–1789)
Pejabat Setiausaha masa Perang dimodelkan mengikut Setiausaha masa Perang Great Britain, iaitu William Barrington, 2nd Viscount Barrington, pada masa Revolusi Amerika. Pejabat Setiausaha masa Perang bertujuan menggantikan Panglima Tertinggi dan Lembaga Perang, dan seperti Presiden Lembaga, Setiausaha tidak memakai insignia khas. Inspektor Jeneral, Kuartermaster Jeneral, Komisari Jeneral, dan Ajutan Jeneral berkhidmat pada staf Setiausaha. Bagaimanapun, Tentera Darat sendiri dibawah Setiausaha Henry Knox hanya terdiri daripada 700 anggota.
No. | Potret | Nama | Negeri kediaman | Ambil jawatan | Lepas jawatan | Kongres |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Benjamin Lincoln | Massachusetts | 1781 | 1783 | Kongres Konfederasi | |
2 | Henry Knox | Massachusetts | March 8, 1785 | September 12, 1789 |
Setiausaha Perang (1789–1947)
- Parti
Tiada parti (1) Federalis (3) Demokrat-Republikan (8) Demokrat (14) Whig (5) Republikan (25)
No. | Potret | Nama | Negeri kediaman | Ambil jawatan | Lepas jawatan | Presiden | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Henry Knox | Massachusetts | September 12, 1789 | December 31, 1794 | George Washington | ||
| 2 | Timothy Pickering | Pennsylvania[1] | January 2, 1795 | December 10, 1795 | |||
rowspan=2 | 3 | James McHenry | Maryland | January 27, 1796 | June 1, 1800[2] | |||
rowspan=2 | | John Adams | ||||||
| 4 | Samuel Dexter | Massachusetts | June 1, 1800 | January 31, 1801 | |||
| 5 | Henry Dearborn | Massachusetts | March 5, 1801 | March 4, 1809 | | | Thomas Jefferson | |
| 6 | William Eustis | Massachusetts | March 7, 1809 | January 13, 1813 | rowspan=4 | | James Madison | |
| 7 | John Armstrong, Jr. | New York | January 13, 1813 | September 27, 1814 | |||
| 8 | James Monroe | Virginia | September 27, 1814 | March 2, 1815 | |||
| 9 | William H. Crawford | Georgia | August 1, 1815 | October 22, 1816 | |||
| 10 | John C. Calhoun | South Carolina | October 8, 1817 | March 4, 1825 | | | James Monroe | |
| 11 | James Barbour | Virginia | March 7, 1825 | May 23, 1828 | rowspan=2 | | John Quincy Adams | |
| 12 | Peter Buell Porter | New York | May 23, 1828 | March 9, 1829 | |||
13 | John H. Eaton | Tennessee | March 9, 1829 | June 18, 1831 | Andrew Jackson | ||
14 | Lewis Cass | Ohio | August 1, 1831 | October 5, 1836 | |||
15 | Joel Roberts Poinsett | South Carolina | March 7, 1837 | March 4, 1841 | Martin Van Buren | ||
rowspan=2 | 16 | John Bell | Tennessee | March 5, 1841 | September 13, 1841 | | | William Henry Harrison | |
rowspan=4 | | John Tyler | ||||||
| 17 | John Canfield Spencer | New York | October 12, 1841 | March 4, 1843 | |||
| 18 | James Madison Porter | Pennsylvania | March 8, 1843 | February 14, 1844 | |||
19 | William Wilkins | Pennsylvania | February 15, 1844 | March 4, 1845 | |||
20 | William Learned Marcy | New York | March 6, 1845 | March 4, 1849 | James K. Polk | ||
| 21 | George W. Crawford | Georgia | March 8, 1849 | July 22, 1850 | | | Zachary Taylor | |
| 22 | Charles Magill Conrad | Louisiana | August 15, 1850 | March 4, 1853 | | | Millard Fillmore | |
23 | Jefferson Davis | Mississippi | March 7, 1853 | March 4, 1857 | Franklin Pierce | ||
24 | John B. Floyd | Virginia | March 6, 1857 | December 29, 1860 | James Buchanan | ||
25 | Joseph Holt | Kentucky | January 18, 1861 | March 4, 1861 | |||
26 | Simon Cameron | Pennsylvania | March 5, 1861 | January 14, 1862 | Abraham Lincoln | ||
27 | Edwin M. Stanton | Pennsylvania | January 20, 1862 | May 28, 1868 | |||
Andrew Johnson | |||||||
28 | John McAllister Schofield | Illinois | June 1, 1868 | March 13, 1869 | |||
29 | John Aaron Rawlins | Illinois | March 13, 1869 | September 6, 1869 | Ulysses S. Grant | ||
30 | William W. Belknap | Iowa | October 25, 1869 | March 2, 1876 | |||
31 | Alphonso Taft | Ohio | March 8, 1876 | May 22, 1876 | |||
32 | J. Donald Cameron | Pennsylvania | May 22, 1876 | March 4, 1877 | |||
33 | George W. McCrary | Iowa | March 12, 1877 | December 10, 1879 | Rutherford B. Hayes | ||
34 | Alexander Ramsey | Minnesota | December 10, 1879 | March 4, 1881 | |||
35 | Robert Todd Lincoln | Illinois | March 5, 1881 | March 4, 1885 | James A. Garfield | ||
Chester A. Arthur | |||||||
36 | William Crowninshield Endicott | Massachusetts | March 5, 1885 | March 4, 1889 | Grover Cleveland | ||
37 | Redfield Proctor | Vermont | March 5, 1889 | November 5, 1891 | Benjamin Harrison | ||
38 | Stephen Benton Elkins | West Virginia | December 17, 1891 | March 4, 1893 | |||
39 | Daniel S. Lamont | New York | March 5, 1893 | March 4, 1897 | Grover Cleveland | ||
40 | Russell A. Alger | Michigan | March 5, 1897 | August 1, 1899 | William McKinley | ||
41 | Elihu Root | New York | August 1, 1899 | January 31, 1904 | |||
Theodore Roosevelt | |||||||
42 | William Howard Taft | Ohio | February 1, 1904 | June 30, 1908 | |||
43 | Luke Edward Wright | Tennessee | July 1, 1908 | March 4, 1909 | |||
44 | Jacob M. Dickinson | Tennessee | March 12, 1909 | May 21, 1911 | William Howard Taft | ||
45 | Henry L. Stimson | New York | May 22, 1911 | March 4, 1913 | |||
46 | Lindley Miller Garrison | New Jersey | March 5, 1913 | February 10, 1916 | Woodrow Wilson | ||
47 | Newton D. Baker | Ohio | March 9, 1916 | March 4, 1921 | |||
48 | John W. Weeks | Massachusetts | March 5, 1921 | October 13, 1925 | Warren G. Harding | ||
Calvin Coolidge | |||||||
49 | Dwight F. Davis | Missouri | October 14, 1925 | March 4, 1929 | |||
50 | James William Good | Illinois | March 6, 1929 | November 18, 1929 | Herbert Hoover | ||
51 | Patrick J. Hurley | Oklahoma | December 9, 1929 | March 4, 1933 | |||
52 | George Dern | Utah | March 4, 1933 | August 27, 1936 | Franklin D. Roosevelt | ||
53 | Harry Hines Woodring | Kansas | September 25, 1936 | June 20, 1940 | |||
54 | Henry L. Stimson | New York | July 10, 1940 | September 21, 1945 | |||
Harry S. Truman | |||||||
55 | Robert P. Patterson | New York | September 27, 1945 | July 18, 1947 | |||
56 | Kenneth C. Royall | North Carolina | July 19, 1947 | September 18, 1947 |
Lihat juga
- Setiausaha Perang Negara Konfederasi
Rujukan
Nota kaki
Bacaan lanjut
- Bell, William Gardner (2005). Commanding Generals and Chiefs of Staff 1775-2005: Portraits and Biographical Sketches. Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History.
- Grossman, Mark (2010). Encyclopedia of the United States Cabinet 1789-2010. Armenia, New York: Greyhouse Publishing.
- King, Archibald (1960) [1949]. Command of the Army (PDF). Military Affairs. Charlottesville, Virginia: The Judge Advocate General's School, U.S. Army.