Vivian Malone Jones
Vivian Juanita Malone Jones | |
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Malone, 1962 | |
Lahir | (1942-07-15)15 Juli 1942 Mobile, Alabama, A.S. |
Meninggal | 13 Oktober 2005(2005-10-13) (umur 63) Atlanta, Georgia, A.S. |
Almamater | Universitas Alabama |
Dikenal atas | Mengintegrasikan Universitas Alabama |
Suami/istri | Mack Arthur Jones |
Anak | 2 |
Kerabat | Eric Holder (kakak ipar) Jeff Malone (keponakan) |
Vivian Juanita Malone Jones (15 Juli 1942 – 13 Oktober 2005) adalah salah satu dari dua mahasiswa kulit hitam pertama yang mendaftar di Universitas Alabama pada tahun 1963, dan pada tahun 1965 menjadi lulusan kulit hitam pertama universitas tersebut. Dia menjadi terkenal ketika George Wallace, Gubernur Alabama, berusaha untuk memblokir dia dan James Hood untuk mendaftar di universitas serba putih.[1]
Referensi
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Gerakan hak sipil (1950-an dan 1960-an)
penting
(garis waktu)
Sebleum 1954 |
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1954–1959 |
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1960–1963 |
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1964–1968 |
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aktivis
- Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights
- Atlanta Student Movement
- Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters
- Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
- Committee on Appeal for Human Rights
- Council for United Civil Rights Leadership
- Council of Federated Organizations
- Dallas County Voters League
- Deacons for Defense and Justice
- Georgia Council on Human Relations
- Highlander Folk School
- Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights
- Lowndes County Freedom Organization
- Montgomery Improvement Association
- Nashville Student Movement
- NAACP
- Youth Council
- Northern Student Movement
- National Council of Negro Women
- National Urban League
- Operation Breadbasket
- Regional Council of Negro Leadership
- Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
- Southern Regional Council
- Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
- The Freedom Singers
- Wednesdays in Mississippi
- Women's Political Council
- Ralph Abernathy
- Victoria Gray Adams
- Zev Aelony
- Mathew Ahmann
- Muhammad Ali
- William G. Anderson
- Gwendolyn Armstrong
- Arnold Aronson
- Ella Baker
- James Baldwin
- Marion Barry
- Daisy Bates
- Harry Belafonte
- James Bevel
- Claude Black
- Gloria Blackwell
- Randolph Blackwell
- Unita Blackwell
- Ezell Blair Jr.
- Joanne Bland
- Julian Bond
- Joseph E. Boone
- William Holmes Borders
- Amelia Boynton
- Bruce Boynton
- Raylawni Branch
- Stanley Branche
- Ruby Bridges
- Aurelia Browder
- H. Rap Brown
- Ralph Bunche
- Guy Carawan
- Stokely Carmichael
- Johnnie Carr
- James Chaney
- J. L. Chestnut
- Shirley Chisholm
- Colia Lafayette Clark
- Ramsey Clark
- Septima Clark
- Xernona Clayton
- Eldridge Cleaver
- Kathleen Cleaver
- Charles E. Cobb Jr.
- Annie Lee Cooper
- Dorothy Cotton
- Claudette Colvin
- Vernon Dahmer
- Jonathan Daniels
- Abraham Lincoln Davis
- Angela Davis
- Joseph DeLaine
- Dave Dennis
- Annie Devine
- Patricia Stephens Due
- Joseph Ellwanger
- Charles Evers
- Medgar Evers
- Myrlie Evers-Williams
- Chuck Fager
- James Farmer
- Walter Fauntroy
- James Forman
- Marie Foster
- Golden Frinks
- Andrew Goodman
- Robert Graetz
- Fred Gray
- Jack Greenberg
- Dick Gregory
- Lawrence Guyot
- Prathia Hall
- Fannie Lou Hamer
- Fred Hampton
- William E. Harbour
- Vincent Harding
- Dorothy Height
- Lola Hendricks
- Aaron Henry
- Oliver Hill
- Donald L. Hollowell
- James Hood
- Myles Horton
- Zilphia Horton
- T. R. M. Howard
- Ruby Hurley
- Cecil Ivory
- Jesse Jackson
- Jimmie Lee Jackson
- Richie Jean Jackson
- T. J. Jemison
- Esau Jenkins
- Barbara Rose Johns
- Vernon Johns
- Frank Minis Johnson
- Clarence Jones
- J. Charles Jones
- Matthew Jones
- Vernon Jordan
- Tom Kahn
- Clyde Kennard
- A. D. King
- C.B. King
- Coretta Scott King
- Martin Luther King Jr.
- Martin Luther King Sr.
- Bernard Lafayette
- James Lawson
- Bernard Lee
- Sanford R. Leigh
- Jim Letherer
- Stanley Levison
- John Lewis
- Viola Liuzzo
- Z. Alexander Looby
- Joseph Lowery
- Clara Luper
- Danny Lyon
- Malcolm X
- Mae Mallory
- Vivian Malone
- Bob Mants
- Thurgood Marshall
- Benjamin Mays
- Franklin McCain
- Charles McDew
- Ralph McGill
- Floyd McKissick
- Joseph McNeil
- James Meredith
- William Ming
- Jack Minnis
- Amzie Moore
- Cecil B. Moore
- Douglas E. Moore
- Harriette Moore
- Harry T. Moore
- Queen Mother Moore
- William Lewis Moore
- Irene Morgan
- Bob Moses
- William Moyer
- Elijah Muhammad
- Diane Nash
- Charles Neblett
- Huey P. Newton
- Edgar Nixon
- Jack O'Dell
- James Orange
- Rosa Parks
- James Peck
- Charles Person
- Homer Plessy
- Adam Clayton Powell Jr.
- Fay Bellamy Powell
- Rodney N. Powell
- Al Raby
- Lincoln Ragsdale
- A. Philip Randolph
- George Raymond
- George Raymond Jr.
- Bernice Johnson Reagon
- Cordell Reagon
- James Reeb
- Frederick D. Reese
- Walter Reuther
- Gloria Richardson
- David Richmond
- Bernice Robinson
- Jo Ann Robinson
- Angela Russell
- Bayard Rustin
- Bernie Sanders
- Michael Schwerner
- Bobby Seale
- Cleveland Sellers
- Charles Sherrod
- Alexander D. Shimkin
- Fred Shuttlesworth
- Modjeska Monteith Simkins
- Glenn E. Smiley
- A. Maceo Smith
- Kelly Miller Smith
- Mary Louise Smith
- Maxine Smith
- Ruby Doris Smith-Robinson
- Charles Kenzie Steele
- Hank Thomas
- Dorothy Tillman
- A. P. Tureaud
- Hartman Turnbow
- Albert Turner
- C. T. Vivian
- Wyatt Tee Walker
- Hollis Watkins
- Walter Francis White
- Roy Wilkins
- Hosea Williams
- Kale Williams
- Robert F. Williams
- Andrew Young
- Whitney Young
- Sammy Younge Jr.
- Bob Zellner
- James Zwerg
- Nonkekerasan
- Padayatra
- Kotbah di Bukit
- Mahatma Gandhi
- Kerajaan Allah Ada di Dalam Dirimu
- Frederick Douglass
- W. E. B. Du Bois
- Mary McLeod Bethune
- Hukum Jim Crow
- Penggantungan di Amerika Serikat
- Plessy v. Ferguson
- Terpisah namun setara
- Buchanan v. Warley
- Hocutt v. Wilson
- Sweatt v. Painter
- Hernandez v. Texas
- Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States
- Katzenbach v. McClung
- Loving v. Virginia
- Fifth Circuit Four
- Brown Chapel
- Holt Street Baptist Church
- Edmund Pettus Bridge
- March on Washington Movement
- Penyerangan gereja Afrika-Amerika
- Daftar korban penggantungan di Amerika Serikat
- Freedom Songs
- "Kumbaya"
- "Keep Your Eyes on the Prize"
- "Oh, Freedom"
- "This Little Light of Mine"
- "We Shall Not Be Moved"
- "We Shall Overcome"
- Spring Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam
- "Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence"
- Kerusuhan Watts
- Voter Education Project
- Kontrabudaya 1960-an
- Eyes on the Prize
- Budaya masyarakat
- Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial
- Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument
- Freedom Riders National Monument
- Civil Rights Memorial
- Tugu peringatan King lainnya
penting
- Taylor Branch
- Clayborne Carson
- John Dittmer
- Michael Eric Dyson
- Chuck Fager
- Adam Fairclough
- David Garrow
- David Halberstam
- Vincent Harding
- Steven F. Lawson
- Doug McAdam
- Diane McWhorter
- Charles M. Payne
- Timothy Tyson
- Akinyele Umoja
- Fotografer gerakan