Timeline of Hanover

Hanover in the 1640s[1]

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Hanover, Germany.

Prior to 19th century

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  • 1333 - Kreuzkirche (church) consecrated.
  • 1347 - Aegidienkirche (church) built.
  • 1366 - Marktkirche (church) built.
  • 1369 - Welfs in power.[2]
  • 1382 - Döhrener Tower [de] built near city.
  • 1400 - Public clock installed (approximate date).[3]
  • 1410 - Town Hall building expanded (approximate date).(de)[4]
  • 1440 - Stadtbibliothek Hannover [de] (library) founded.[5][6]
  • 1529 - Hanover Schützenfest established.
  • 1550 - Alter Jüdischer Friedhof an der Oberstraße [de] (cemetery) established.
  • 1670 - Neustädter Kirche (church) built.
  • 1676 - Herrenhausen Palace expansion begins.[2]
  • 1689
    • Population: 11,373.[4]
    • Schlossopernhaus [de] opens with premiere of Steffani's opera Henrico Leone.[7]
  • 1698 - Leibniz house [de] in use.
Marstall Gate decorated with a bas-relief with the 18th-century coat of arms of Great Britain
  • 1720 - Royal Public Library [de] active.[8][1]
  • 1726 - Herrenhäuser Allee [de] laid out.
  • 1755 - Population: 17,432.[4]
  • 1797 - Hanover Natural History Society [de] founded.[9]
  • 1798 - Adressbuch der Stadt Hannover [de] (city directory) begins publication.[4]

19th century

  • 1810 - Hanover becomes part of the Kingdom of Westphalia.[2]
  • 1815 - City becomes capital of the Kingdom of Hanover.[2]
  • 1821 - Population: 33,255.[4]
  • 1824 - Calenberger Neustadt [de] becomes part of city.[4]
  • 1826 - Gas lighting installed.[10]
  • 1832 - Kunstverein Hannover [de] (art society) formed.
  • 1835 - Historischer Verein für Niedersachsen [de] (historical society) founded.
  • 1838 - Artilleriekaserne am Steintor [de] (military barracks) built.
  • 1844 - Hanover–Braunschweig Railway in operation.
  • 1847
  • 1851 - Thalia Society founded.[11]
  • 1852
    • Royal Theatre built.[2][12]
    • Hannoversches Tageblatt [de] newspaper in publication.[4]
  • 1853 - Hanoverian Southern Railway begins operating.
  • 1854 - Hannoversche Courier [de] newspaper begins publication.
  • 1856 - Museum of Art and Science [de] built.
  • 1861 - Population: 71,170.[13]
  • 1864
    • Hanover–Hamburg railway in operation.
    • Stadtfriedhof Engesohde [de] and Jüdischer Friedhof An der Strangriede [de] (cemeteries) established.
  • 1865 - Hanover Zoo established.[14]
  • 1866
    • Hanover becomes part of Prussia.[2]
    • Hanover Military Riding Institute [de] active.[2]
    • Welfenschloss (palace) built.[2]
    • X Army Corps headquartered in Hanover.
    • Hanover Chamber of Industry and Commerce [de] established.
  • 1870 - New Synagogue, Hanover [de] built.
  • 1871 - Continental rubber manufacturer in business.
  • 1872
    • Horse-drawn tram begins operating.(de)
    • Goethe Bridge [de] built.[15]
  • 1879 - Hannover Hauptbahnhof rebuilt.
  • 1885 - Population: 139,731.[16]
  • 1886 - Cumberlandsche Galerie [de] built.
  • 1888 - Photographischer Verein founded.[17]
  • 1889
  • 1891 - Hainholz [de], Herrenhausen, List [de], and Vahrenwald [de] become part of city.[4]
  • 1893
    • Electric tram begins operating.(de)
    • Hannoverscher Anzeiger [de] newspaper begins publication.
  • 1895 - Lister Tower [de] and Flusswasserkunst [de] built.
  • 1896
    • Hannover 96 football club formed.
    • Holzmarkt Fountain [de] installed.
  • 1897 - Music Conservatory established.
  • 1898 - Hannoversche Waggonfabrik (manufacturer) in business.

20th century

1900-1945

  • 1902 - Provincial museum built.[2]
  • 1903 - Vaterländisches Museum [de] opens.
  • 1904 - Bismarck Tower erected.
  • 1907 - Bothfeld [de], Groß-Buchholz [de], Klein-Buchholz, Döhren [de], Kirchrode [de], Mecklenheide, Stöcken, and Wülfel [de] become part of city.[4]
  • 1908 - Anti-noise society formed.[18]
  • 1911 - Schauburg [de] (theatre) opens.
  • 1913 - New City Hall built in the Maschpark [de].
  • 1914
    • Stadthalle built.(de)
    • Stadtpark (Hannover) [de] opens.
  • 1916
    • Kestnergesellschaft (modern art society) formed.[19]
    • Duve-Brunnen [de] (fountain) installed in the Neustädter Markt.
  • 1918
  • 1919
  • 1920
    • Linden becomes part of city.[4]
    • Hanover Cavalry School [de] established.
  • 1921
  • 1923
  • 1924 - Gustav Fink [de] becomes mayor.
  • 1925
  • 1927 - Botanischer Schulgarten Burg (garden) established.[23]
  • 1936 - Maschsee (lake) created.
  • 1937 - Henricus Haltenhoff [de] becomes mayor.
  • 1938 - November: Kristallnacht pogrom against Jews.
  • 1939
  • 1942 - Ludwig Hoffmeister [de] becomes Staatskommissare.(de)
  • 1944
    • 24 June: Hanover-Limmer concentration camp [de] begins operating.[24]
    • 26 June: Hanover-Misburg subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp established. The prisoners were mostly Polish women.[25]
    • 1 September: Hanover-Limmer concentration camp redesignated a subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp.[24]
    • September: Hanover-Stöcken (Continental) concentration camp [de] begins operating.
    • Late September or early October: Hanover-Langenhagen subcamp of Neuengamme established. The prisoners were mostly Polish women.[26]
    • November: Hanover-Ahlem concentration camp [de] established.
    • Egon Bönner [de] becomes Staatskommissare.(de)
Survivors of the Hanover-Ahlem concentration camp following liberation
  • 1945
    • January: Hanover-Langenhagen subcamp of Neuengamme dissolved, surviving prisoners relocated to the Hanover-Limmer camp.[26]
    • February: Hanover-Mühlenberg concentration camp [de] begins operating.
    • 6 April: Hanover-Limmer and Hanover-Misburg subcamps of Neuengamme dissolved, surviving prisoners sent on a death march.[25][24]
    • 10 April: Allied forces arrive.
    • April–May: Mayor, Regierungspräsident, and Oberpräsident (local government officials) appointed.[27]

1946-1990s

  • 1946 - February: Flood.(de)
  • 1947
  • 1949
  • 1950s - Hannover War Cemetery established.
  • 1951 - Youth House [de] built.
  • 1952
    • Landesbühne Hannover [de] (theatre) established.[29]
    • Trade union building [de] built.
  • 1954
    • Niedersachsenstadion (stadium) opens.
    • Mannesmann Tower erected.
    • Frühlingsfest Hannover [de] begins.
    • Markthalle Hannover [de] rebuilt.
  • 1965 - Oktoberfest Hannover [de] begins.
  • 1965 - Population: 555,228.
  • 1969 - IBM-Haus [de] built.
  • 1970 - Norddeutsche Landesbank headquartered in city.
  • 1972 - Herbert Schmalstieg [de] becomes mayor.[29]
  • 1974 - Ahelm, Anderten, Bemerode, Misburg, Vinnhorst, Wettbergen, and Wülferode [de] become part of city.[4]
  • 1975
  • 1979 - Sprengel Museum opens.
  • 1987 - Klecks-Theater Hannover [de] founded.
  • 1991 - Hanover–Würzburg high-speed railway built.
  • 1992 - Hanover City Archive [de] moves to Bokemahle in Südstadt-Bult [de].[30]
  • 2000

21st century

  • 2001 - Gehry Tower built.
  • 2002 - Nord/LB headquarters [de] built.
  • 2005 - Regional Lower Saxony State Archives [de] established, including its Hanover office [de].[31]
  • 2006 - Stephan Weil becomes mayor.
  • 2008
  • 2013 - Stefan Schostok becomes mayor.
  • 2014 - Population: 523,642.

Images

  • Herrenhäuser Allee, laid out in 1726 (postcard from 1906)
    Herrenhäuser Allee, laid out in 1726 (postcard from 1906)
  • Vaterländisches Museum, opened in 1903
    Vaterländisches Museum, opened in 1903
  • Crowd outside house of Hindenburg on day he becomes President of Germany, 12 May 1925
    Crowd outside house of Hindenburg on day he becomes President of Germany, 12 May 1925
  • Bombed wreckage of Old Town Hall, 1943
    Bombed wreckage of Old Town Hall, 1943
  • Flood, 1946
    Flood, 1946

See also

Other cities in the state of Lower Saxony:(de)

References

  1. ^ Johannes Angelius Werdenhagen (1641). De rebuspublicis Hanseaticis (in Latin). Illustrator: Matthäus Merian the Elder (2nd ed.). Frankfurt: Matthäus Merian the Elder. pp. 1297–1298. OCLC 65321745. Wikidata Q127276178.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Britannica 1910.
  3. ^ Gerhard Dohrn-van Rossum [in German] (1996). History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-15510-4.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Mlynek 2009.
  5. ^ Julius Petzholdt [in German] (1853), "Hannover", Handbuch Deutscher Bibliotheken (in German), Halle: H.W. Schmidt, OCLC 8363581
  6. ^ "Ubersicht uber die Geschichte der Stadt-Bibliothek", Katalog der Stadt-bibliothek zu Hannover (in German), 1901, hdl:2027/mdp.39015065762273
  7. ^ "Nds. Staatstheater Hannover GmbH (NSH)". NLA Hannover (in German). Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv Hannover [de]. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
  8. ^ "Über uns: Geschichte" (in German). Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Bibliothek. Retrieved 30 November 2015.
  9. ^ Jim Parrott (ed.). "Chronology of Scholarly Societies". Scholarly Societies Project. Canada: University of Waterloo. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
  10. ^ Chambers 1901.
  11. ^ Lindau 2000.
  12. ^ Fischer 1899.
  13. ^ "Germany: States of North Germany: Prussia". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1869. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590337.
  14. ^ Vernon N. Kisling, ed. (2000). "Zoological Gardens of Germany (chronological list)". Zoo and Aquarium History. USA: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-3924-5.
  15. ^ Magistrat 1908.
  16. ^ "German Empire". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1890. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590527.
  17. ^ Königliche Museen zu Berlin (1904). Kunsthandbuch für Deutschland (in German) (6th ed.). Georg Reimer.
  18. ^ Florence Feiereisen; Alexandra Merley Hill, eds. (2011). Germany in the Loud Twentieth Century. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-987722-5.
  19. ^ a b Heine 1994.
  20. ^ Patrick Robertson (2011). Robertson's Book of Firsts. Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1-60819-738-5.
  21. ^ "Germany". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440.
  22. ^ a b c Farquharson 1973.
  23. ^ "Garden Search: Germany". London: Botanic Gardens Conservation International. Retrieved 30 November 2015.
  24. ^ a b c "Hannover-Limmer". KZ-Gedenkstätte Neuengamme. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  25. ^ a b "Hannover-Misburg". KZ-Gedenkstätte Neuengamme. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  26. ^ a b "Hannover-Langenhagen". KZ-Gedenkstätte Neuengamme. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  27. ^ Marshall 1986.
  28. ^ "March 24-April 6, 1947". Chronology of International Events and Documents. 3. London: Royal Institute of International Affairs. 1947. JSTOR 40545021.
  29. ^ a b c Mlynek 1991.
  30. ^ "Stadtarchiv: Archivgeschichte". Hannover.de (in German). Retrieved 30 November 2015.
  31. ^ "Niedersächsische Landesarchiv: Geschichte des Landesarchivs". Niedersachsen.de (in German). Retrieved 30 November 2015.
  32. ^ "Hannover City 2020 +". Hannover.de (in German). Presse- und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit der Landeshauptstadt Hannover. Retrieved 30 November 2015.

This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia.

Bibliography

in English

  • Abraham Rees (1819), "Hanover", The Cyclopaedia, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown, hdl:2027/mdp.39015057241179
  • Edward Augustus Domeier (1830), "Hanover", Descriptive Road-Book of Germany, London: Samuel Leigh, hdl:2027/hvd.hx167e
  • "Hanover". Handbook for North Germany. London: J. Murray. 1886. hdl:2027/hvd.hn1imr.
  • "Hanover". Chambers's Encyclopaedia. London. 1901. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t1fj2r624.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • "Hanover", Northern Germany (15th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1910, OCLC 78390379 + 1873 ed.
  • "Hanover (city)" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). 1910. pp. 926–927.
  • Robert E Dickinson (1951). "Structure of the German City: Hanover". West European City: a Geographical Interpretation. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-25970-8.
  • John Farquharson (1973), "The NSDAP in Hanover and Lower Saxony 1921-26", Journal of Contemporary History, 8 (4): 103–120, doi:10.1177/002200947300800406, JSTOR 260130, S2CID 159784977
  • Barbara Marshall (1986), "Democratization of Local Politics in the British Zone of Germany: Hanover 1945-47", Journal of Contemporary History, 21 (3): 413–451, doi:10.1177/002200948602100304, JSTOR 260436, S2CID 154840068
  • Werner Heine & Annette Haxton (1994), "'Futura' without a Future: Kurt Schwitters' Typography for Hanover Town Council, 1929-1934", Journal of Design History, 7 (2): 127–140, doi:10.1093/jdh/7.2.127, JSTOR 1316081

in German

published in the 19th century

  • Hoppe (1845). Geschichte der Stadt Hannover (in German).
  • Friedrich Wilhelm Andreae (1859). Chronik der residenzstadt Hannover (in German). Hildesheim: Finckesche Buchhandlung.
  • Adressbuch, Stadt- und Geschäfts-Handbuch der königlichen Residenzstadt Hannover (in German). 1872 – via HathiTrust. + 1884 ed.
  • Hannoversche Geschichtsblätter [de] (in German). Vereins für die Geschichte der Stadt Hannover. 1898. ongoing
  • "Hannover (Stadt)". Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon (in German). Vol. 8 (14th ed.). Leipzig: Brockhaus. 1896. hdl:2027/njp.32101064064585.
  • Georg Fischer [in German] (1899). Opern und Concerte im Hoftheater zu Hannover bis 1866 (in German). Hanover: Hahn.

published in the 20th century

  • Otto Jürgens [in German] (1907). Hannoversche chronik. Veröffentlichung zur niedersächsischen geschichte,6 (in German). Hanover: Geibel. (chronology)
  • Verwaltungsbericht des Magistrats der Koniglichen Haupt- und Residenzstadt Hannover, 1906-07 [Management report of the magistrate of the royal residence and capital city of Hanover] (in German). Hanover: Aug. Eberlein & Co. 1908.
  • P. Krauss; E. Uetrecht, eds. (1913). "Hannover". Meyers Deutscher Städteatlas [Meyer's Atlas of German Cities] (in German). Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut.
  • Hannover und Hildesheim. Griebens Reiseführer (in German). Vol. 151 (2nd ed.). Berlin: Albert Goldschmidt. 1914 – via HathiTrust.
  • Adelheid von Saldern, ed. (1989). Stadt und Moderne: Hannover in der Weimarer Republik (in German). Ergebnisse. ISBN 978-3-925622-51-9.
  • Klaus Mlynek; Waldemar R. Röhrbein, eds. (1991). Hannover Chronik (in German). Schlütersche Verlagsgesellschaft [de]. ISBN 978-3-87706-319-4. (chronology)
  • Klaus Mlynek; Waldemar R. Röhrbein, eds. (1994). Geschichte der Stadt Hannover (in German). Schlütersche. ISBN 978-3-87706-364-4.
  • Friedrich Lindau (2000). Hannover: Wiederaufbau und Zerstörung; die Stadt im Umgang mit ihrer bauhistorischen Identität (in German) (2nd ed.). Schlütersche. ISBN 978-3-87706-659-1.

published in the 21st century

  • Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon [de] (in German). 2002.
  • Hannover. Kunst- und Kultur-Lexikon [de] (in German) (4th ed.). 2007.
  • Klaus Mlynek; et al., eds. (2009), Stadtlexikon Hannover (in German), Schlütersche, ISBN 9783842682078 – via Google Books(de)
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hanover.
  • "Stadtgeschichte". Hannover.de (in German). Landeshauptstadt Hannover.
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