WikiMini

Tenri Sanrinkō

Tenri Sanrinkō
天理三輪講
TypeTenrikyo-derived Japanese new religion
ScriptureOfudesaki, Mikagura-uta
TheologyMonotheistic
LanguageJapanese
HeadquartersHirakata, Osaka Prefecture, Japan
FounderKatsu Hisano (勝ヒサノ)
Origin1933
Hirakata, Osaka Prefecture, Japan
Branched fromHonmichi
SeparationsTenri Kami no Uchiake Basho (defunct)
Kami Ichijōkyō
Sekai Shindōkyō
Sanri Sanfukugen (defunct)

Tenri Sanrinkō (Japanese: 天理三輪講) was a Tenrikyo-based shinshūkyō (Japanese new religion) that became formally independent in 1933 under its founder, Katsu Hisano (勝ヒサノ) who was a follower of Honmichi, then called Tenri Hondō at that time.[1] Formerly based in Osaka Prefecture, it no longer exists today; however, some new religions claim or recognize their past history ultimately from it through their founders, such as Kami Ichijōkyō, Sekai Shindōkyō, or even further to Ōkanmichi (おうかんみち)[2] and Kanrodai Reiri Shidōkai (甘露台霊理斯道会; also known by the name of its main temple, Yamato Daijingū 皇和大親宮).[3] Adherents of Tenri Sanrinkō followed the tradition of Honmichi by revering the leader as the living kanrodai. The kō (講) in Tenri Sanrinkō refers to confraternity in Japanese religious parlance.[4]

History

[edit]

Tenri Sanrinkō was established by the founder, the kanrodai Katsu Hisano[n 1], on March 1933 in present-day western part of Hirakata, Osaka Prefecture with a goal to reunite Tenrikyo and Honmichi together; after her organization's dissolution on May 1935 by rejoining Tenrikyo to achieve her aforementioned goal, but met with failure and decided to reestablish her organization later on after leaving Tenrikyo.[7] During this time, Japanese religious societies before the start of the Pacific War largely explored the balance and dynamics among Shinto, Buddhism, and Christianity, as shown in the example of Three Religions Conference conducted by the Home Ministry on 25 February 1912. In the founder's case, she created a new doctrine by uniting the teachings of the three major religious traditions in Japan (Shinto, Buddhism, and Christianity) of her time with the name, United Teaching of Three Faiths (三教合一, Sankyō Gōitsu).[8] Another new religion called Shūyōdan Hōseikai (修養団捧誠会), founded by Idei Seitarō (1899–1983), is an instance of schism from Honmichi that occurred earlier than Tenri Sanrinkō. Ultimately, Katsu Hisano's religious organization perished due to the Peace Preservation Law and the enforcement of lèse-majesté.[9] Although Katsu Hisano passed away in 1941, her protégée, Yonetani Kuni (米谷クニ),[5] founded Kami Ichijokyo in 1942.

Legacy

[edit]

Tenri Sanrinkō became a source of many other new religious organizations in Japan. The following four religious organizations are founded by former Tenri Sanrinkō members.

Kami Ichijōkyō is a currently active religion whose founder claimed direct succession of Katsu Hisano's spiritual legacy through Tenri Sanrinkō.

Tenri Kami no Uchiake Basho was a sect that is today generally less studied within Japanese scholarly circles on religious studies. However, its related defunct organization called Tenri Kami no Kuchiake Basho (天理神之口明場所, 天理神之口開場所)[n 3] left a bigger legacy as an intermediate entity to the creation of the currently active religions Ōkanmichi (おうかんみち), Kanrodai Reiri Shidōkai (甘露台霊理斯道会), and others.

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ She had a nickname, the Kanrodai of Hirakata, from the old adminitrative division called Hirakata-chō[5] and another title, Yasuko Kanrodai,[6] that was used among her followers.
  2. ^ Due to the persecution before the end of the Pacific War,[9] it is currently defunct.
  3. ^ This is despite it is generally treated as being directly of Honmichi-Tenri Sanrinkō lineage.[14] Its founder, Yamada Umejirō (山田梅次郎), used to be a follower of Tenri Sanrinkō and Tenri Kami no Uchiake Basho.[15]

Further reading

[edit]
  • Umehara (梅原), Masaki (正紀) [in Japanese]; Mizuno (水野), Yoshiyuki (義之) (1980). 秘儀と霊能の世界: 新宗教の底流をさぐる [The World of Secret Ceremonies & Psychic Capacities: Revealing the Underbelly of New Religions] (in Japanese). 紀尾井書房.
  • Inoue, Nobutaka, ed. (1996). 新宗教教団・人物亊典 [Dictionary of Organizations and Figures In New Religions] (in Japanese). Tokyo: Koubundou Publishers Inc. (弘文堂). ISBN 978-4335160288.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ 都市社会の宗敎 [Religions in Urban Societies] (in Japanese). Vol. 1. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Religious Studies Institute. 1981. p. 202. …もと天理本道の信者だった勝ヒサノが始めた天理三輪講のことではないか。勝は昭和八年天理三輪講を創設し、昭和一六年に死去している。 [… [as for it,] it came from the former Tenri Hondō (today's Honmichi) follower called Katsu Hisano who started Tenri Sanrinkō. Katsu established Tenri Sanrinkō in 1933 and passed away in 1941.]
  2. ^ "宗教法人　おうかんみち" (in Japanese). Retrieved 2025-06-03.
  3. ^ "甘露台霊理斯道会". 甘露台霊理斯道会 (in Japanese). Retrieved 2025-06-03.
  4. ^ Sasson, Vanessa R. (2021-09-30). Jewels, Jewelry, and Other Shiny Things in the Buddhist Imaginary. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. p. 297. ISBN 978-0824889524. … a confraternity (called a kō 講 in Japanese) …
  5. ^ a b Umehara & Mizuno (page 82) "…天理三輪講」を興し、甘露台であると称していた勝ヒサノのもとで米谷は修行し、生き神甘露台であるとの自覚を持つにいたったのである。米谷の師となった勝ヒサノは大阪府北河内郡枚方町に信仰拠点を置いていたので「枚方甘露台」とも呼ばれていた。" [… establishing Tenri Sanrinkō (by Katsu Hisano), Yonetani Kuni pursued her spiritual training under Katsu Hisano who possessed the title, kanrodai and then reached to the point of the realization of herself (Yonetani Kuni) as the living kanrodai. Due to Katsu Hisani, who became Yonetani Kuni's spiritual master, basing her religious activities in Hirakata-chō (today's western section of Hirakata), Kitakawachi District, she was called the Kanrodai of Hirakata.]
  6. ^ Matsui (松井), Keisuke (圭介) (March 2000). "カリスマの継承からみた天理教系教団の分派形成 : 場所の宗教と天啓者の宗教" [Formation of New Sects from Tenri-kyo Focusing on the Succession to Charismas: Religion of Place and Religion of Revelator] (PDF). Tsukuba Studies in Human Geography (筑波大学人文地理学研究) (in Japanese). 25. Tsukuba: 55–76. 大西以降の主な「自称甘露台」を挙げてみると、天理三輪講を開いた勝ひさのによる安子甘露台、…幾多の人間が自らが天啓者であるとして新しい教団を開いているのである。 [Looking at the instances of self-styling of being a kanrodai after Ōnishi Aijirō, there are: Yasuko Kanrodai by Katsu Hisano, foundress of Tenri Sanrinkō; … thus, many human beings claim themselves as divine revelators (tenkeisha) and make new religious groups.]
  7. ^ Umehara & Mizuno (page 85) "さらに自らが甘露台であると称えるようになった。こうして昭和八年三月、勝は大阪の枚方町で天理三輪講を創設した。その後、勝ヒサノは天理教と「ほんみち」との合併を実現させようと考えるようになり、昭和十年五月、天理三輪講を解散し、天理教に戻ったが、彼女の願いは無視され、二ヵ月後に天理教から退転し、天理三輪講を再建したのである。" [Even further, (Katsu Hisano) was praised as the kanrodai (spiritual title). Due to this, she established Tenri Sanrinkō in Hirakata-chō (today's western section of Hirakata), Osaka on March 1933. Then afterwards, she sought to materialize the plan of merging Tenrikyo and 'Honmichi' as one, later dissolved Tenri Sanrinkō on May 1935, but her request was declined, leaving Tenrikyo after two months, then re-established Tenri Sanrinkō.]
  8. ^ Umehara & Mizuno (page 85) "翌十一年ごろから、勝は仏教とキリスト教と天理教の教えを総合して「三教合一」の教義を樹立した。" [She (Katsu Hisano) formulated the doctrine of merging Buddhism, Christianity, and Tenrikyo together to form the United Teaching of Three Faiths (三教合一) starting around 1936.]
  9. ^ a b "別巻: 太平洋戦争下の労働運動（1965年刊） > 第五編: 言論統制と文化運動 > 第四章: 宗教運動" [Special Volume: Labor Movements during the Pacific War (Published in 1965) > Section 5: Media Blackout & Cultural Movements > Chapter 4: Religious Movements] (PDF) (in Japanese). Tokyo: Ohara Institute for Social Research, Hosei University. …一九三五年から三九年にかけて、…「天理三輪講」（検挙一三名、起訴九名）、「三理三腹元」（検挙一八名、起訴一〇名）…と、それぞれ不敬事件（…天理教系四派は、治安維持法違反ならびに不敬事件・結社禁止）として検挙された。 [… from 1935 to 1939 … 'Tenri Sanrinkō' (13 members prosecuted, 9 indicted), 'Sanri Sanfukugen' (18 members prosecuted, 10 indicted) … each organization with lèse-majesté incidents (… four Tenrikyo-based sects violated the Peace Preservation Law along with in charge of lèse-majesté and banned from congregation) was prosecuted.]
  10. ^ "おうかんみち" (in Japanese). Retrieved 2025-06-04.
  11. ^ "甘露台霊理斯道会" (in Japanese). Retrieved 2025-06-04.
  12. ^ Umehara & Mizuno (page 82) "なお、天理三輪講からは米谷の創唱した神一条教のほかに「三理三腹元」を昭和十二年に輩出しているが、開祖となった石々川駒吉も甘露台と称しも甘露台と称していた。" [Also, other than Kami Ichijōkyō founded by Yonetani Kuni, Sanri Sanfukugen (三理三腹元) was organized as a separate sect from Tenri Sanrinkō, and its founder, Ishiishikawa Komakichi (石々川駒吉) was called (simply as) kanrodai and it [i.e. his title] became kanrodai.]
  13. ^ Inoue (page xxix) "ほんみち-天理三輪講教団系教団: 1933 勝ひさの ——— 天理三輪講 / 1936 山本栄三郎・石々川駒吉 ——— 三理三腹元 [Relationship Chart of Honmichi-Tenri Sanrinkō-based Religious Organizations: 1933 Katsu Hisano ——— Tenri Sanrinkō / 1936 Yamamoto Eizaburō & Ishiishikawa Komakichi ——— Sanri Sanfukugen]
  14. ^ Okao (岡尾), Masahide (将秀) (June 2006). "書評とリプライ: 弓山達也著, 『天啓のゆくえ-宗教が分派するとき-』" [Book Review & Reply: the Whereabouts of Tenkei – when Religions Divide by Tatsuya Yumiyama]. Religion and Society (in Japanese). 12. Tokyo: The Japanese Association for the Study of Religion and Society: 132–137. ほんみち—天理三輪講系教団群にも含まれる「天理神之口明場所」を経て分派分立した「天理神之口明場所系教団群」である。 [It is the group of Tenri-Kami no Kuchiake Basho-based sects that was created from Tenri-Kami no Kuchiake Basho, which is also a part of the group of Honmichi-Tenri Sanrinkō-based sects.]
  15. ^ Inoue (page 604) "山田梅次郎明治八年(一八七五)五月八日~昭和一六年(一九四一)一一月八日…【略歴】明治三二年、臀部に腫れ物ができ天理教に入信。…一四年に天理研究会に入会し、昭和三年(一九二八)、『研究資料』を配布し検挙、起訴猶予処分をとなる。その後、天理三輪講、天理神の打開場所に入信。" [Yamada Umejirō (8 May 1878 – 8 November 1941); … Brief Biography – Joining Tenrikyo in 1999 due to his swellings around his buttocks. … He joined Tenri Kenkyūkai (today's Honmichi) in 1925, but was prosecuted for distributing Research Materials (研究資料, Kenkyū Shiryō) and later received his prosecution being suspended in 1928. Afterwards, he joined Tenri Sanrinkō and eventually Tenri-Kami no Uchiake Basho.]