Monohalomethane
Structural formula | ||||
Name | Fluoromethane Methyl fluoride | Chloromethane Methyl chloride | Bromomethane Methyl bromide | Iodomethane Methyl iodide |
Melting point | −137,8 °C[1] | −97,4 °C[2] | −93,7 °C[3] | −66 °C[4] |
Boiling point | −78,4 °C[1] | −23,8 °C[2] | 4,0 °C[3] | 42 °C[4] |
Space-filling model |
The monohalomethanes are organic compounds in which a hydrogen atom in methane is replaced by a halogen. They belong to the haloalkanes or to the subgroup of halomethanes.
The four common[a] members are fluoromethane, chloromethane, bromomethane and iodomethane.
Historical name for this group is methyl halides; it's still widely used. The compounds of this class are often described as CH3X or MeX (X - any halogen, Me - methyl group).
Related compounds
There are analogs with more than one hydrogen atom in methane is replaced by a halogen:
- Dihalomethane, CH2X2, two hydrogen atoms replaced
- Trihalomethane, CHX3, three hydrogen atoms replaced
- Tetrahalomethane, CX4, all four hydrogen atoms replaced
Analogs with carbon atom replaced with a heavier group 14 element are also known:
- Monohalosilane, SiH3X (with silicon, related to silane)
- Monohalogermane, GeH3X (with germanium, related to germane)
- Monohalostannane, SnH3X (with tin, related to stannane)
See also
- Methyl halide transferase, an enzyme producing some methyl halides
Notes
- ^ Highly radioactive CH3At (methyl astatide) has been detected.[5] The known isotopes of even heavier group 17 element, tennessine, are too short-lived to allow for chemical experimentation.
References
- ^ a b Record of Fluoromethane in the GESTIS Substance Database of the Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, accessed on 2020-02-29.
- ^ a b Record of Chloromethane in the GESTIS Substance Database of the Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, accessed on 2020-02-29.
- ^ a b Record of Bromomethane in the GESTIS Substance Database of the Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, accessed on 2020-02-29.
- ^ a b Record of Iodomethane in the GESTIS Substance Database of the Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, accessed on 2020-02-29.
- ^ "Chemical Fact Sheet: Astatine". European Virtual Institute for Speciation Analysis (EVISA).
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- t
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- CH4
- CH3F
- CH3Cl
- CH3Br
- CH3I
- CH3At
- CH2F2
- CH2ClF
- CH2BrF
- CH2FI
- CH2Cl2
- CH2BrCl
- CH2ClI
- CH2Br2
- CH2BrI
- CH2I2
- CHF3
- CHClF2
- CHBrF2
- CHF2I
- CHCl2F
- C*HBrClF
- C*HClFI
- CHBr2F
- C*HBrFI
- CHFI2
- CHCl3
- CHBrCl2
- CHCl2I
- CHBr2Cl
- C*HBrClI
- CHClI2
- CHBr3
- CHBr2I
- CHBrI2
- CHI3
- CF4
- CClF3
- CBrF3
- CF3I
- CCl2F2
- CBrClF2
- CClF2I
- CBr2F2
- CBrF2I
- CF2I2
- CCl3F
- CBrCl2F
- CCl2FI
- CBr2ClF
- C*BrClFI
- CClFI2
- CBr3F
- CBr2FI
- CBrFI2
- CFI3
- CCl4
- CBrCl3
- CCl3I
- CBr2Cl2
- CBrCl2I
- CCl2I2
- CBr3Cl
- CBr2ClI
- CBrClI2
- CClI3
- CBr4
- CBr3I
- CBr2I2
- CBrI3
- CI4
* Chiral compound.
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