Five dynasties of Delhi Sultanate
Sultan of Delhi |
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Sulṯan-i-Dihlī |
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Muhammad bin Tughlaq 1 February 1325 – 20 March 1351 |
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Details |
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Style | - Sultan
- Sultan of Sultans
- Shah
- Ghazi
- Khan
- Sikander
- Malik
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First monarch | Qutb ud-Din Aibak |
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Last monarch | Ibrahim Khan Lodi |
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Formation | 12 June 1206 |
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Abolition | 21 April 1526 (Total 319 years) |
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Residence | - Lahore
(1206–1210) - Badayun
(1210–1214) - Delhi
(1214–1327) - Daulatabad
(1327–1334) - Delhi
(1334–1506) - Agra
(1506–1526) |
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Appointer | Hereditary |
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The Sultan of Delhi was the absolute monarch of the Delhi Sultanate which stretched over large parts of the subcontinent during the period of Medieval India, for 320 years (1206–1526).[1][2] Following the conquest of South Asia by the Ghurids, five unrelated heterogeneous dynasties ruled over the Delhi Sultanate sequentially: the Mamluk dynasty (1206–1290), the Khalji dynasty (1290–1320), the Tughlaq dynasty (1320–1414),[3] the Sayyid dynasty (1414–1451), and the Lodi dynasty (1451–1526). It covered large swaths of territory in modern-day India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh.[4]
This list contains the rulers of Delhi Sultanate in chronological order.[5]
Mamluk dynasty (1206–1290)
S/N | Name of ruler | Birth Date | Death Date | Beginning of reign | End of reign | Notes |
1 | Qutb-ud-din Aibak | 1150 | 14 November 1210 | 25 June 1206 | 14 November 1210 | |
2 | Aram Shah | 1176 | June 1211 | December 1210 | June 1211 | |
3 | Iltutmish | unknown | 30 April 1236 | June 1211 | 30 April 1236 | Son-in-law of Aibak |
4 | Ruknuddin Firuz (Firuz I) | unknown | 19 November 1236 | April/May 1236 | November 1236 | Son of Iltutmish |
5 | Razia Sultana | c. 1205[6] | 15 October 1240 | November 1236 | 20 April 1240 | Daughter of Iltutmish |
6 | Muiz ud din Bahram | 9 July 1212 | 15 May 1242 | May 1240 | 15 May 1242 | Son of Iltutmish |
7 | Ala-ud-Din Masud Shah | unknown | 10 June 1246 | May 1242 | 10 June 1246 | Son of Ruknuddin Firuz |
8 | Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah (Mahmud I) | 1229 or 1230 | 18 February 1266 | 10 June 1246 | 18 February 1266 | Grandson of Iltutmish |
9 | Ghiyas ud din Balban | 1216 | 1287 | February 1266 | 1287 | Turkish noble in the court of Iltutmish |
10 | Muiz ud din Qaiqabad | 1269 | 1 February 1290 | 1287 | 1 February 1290 | Grandson of Balban |
11 | Shamsuddin Kayumars | 1285/1287 | 13 June 1290 | 1 February 1290 | 13 June 1290 | Son of Qaiqabad |
Khalji/Khilji dynasty (1290–1320)
S/N | Name | Birth date | Death date | Beginning of reign | End of reign | Notes |
12 | Jalal-ud-din Khalji (Firuz II) | 1220 | 19 July 1296 | 13 June 1290 | 19 July 1296 | |
– | Ruknuddin Ibrahim | unknown | after 1296 | July 1296 | November 1296 | Son of Jalal-ud-din Khalji. He ruled for a short time, not always indicating his names on the lists. |
13 | Alauddin Khalji | c. 1266 | 4 January 1316 | November 1296 | 4 January 1316 | Nephew of Jalal-ud-din Khalji |
14 | Shihabuddin Omar | 1310 or 1311 | April 1316 | 5 January 1316 | April 1316 | Son of Alauddin Khalji |
15 | Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah | 1299 | 9 July 1320 | 14 April 1316 | 1 May 1320 | Son of Alauddin Khalji |
Outside of the dynasties (1320)
S/N | Name | Birth date | Death date | Beginning of reign | End of reign | Notes |
16 | Khusrau Khan | unknown | 1320 | 10 July 1320 | 5 September 1320 | He ruled for a short time, not founding a dynasty. |
Tughluq dynasty (1320–1414)
S/N | Name | Birth date | Death date | Beginning of reign | End of reign | Notes |
17 | Ghiyasuddin Tughluq | unknown | 1 February 1325 | 8 September 1320 | 1 February 1325 | |
18 | Muhammad bin Tughluq (Muhammad II) | c. 1290 | 20 March 1351 | 1 February 1325 | 20 March 1351 | Son of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq |
19 | Firuz Shah Tughlaq (Firuz III) | 1309 | 20 September 1388 | 23 March 1351 | 20 September 1388 | Son-in-law of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq |
20 | Tughluq Khan (Tughluq II) | unknown | 14 March 1389 | 20 September 1388 | 14 March 1389 | Grandson of Firuz Shah Tughlaq |
21 | Abu Bakr Shah | unknown | after 1390 | 15 March 1389 | August 1390 | Grandson of Firuz Shah Tughlaq |
22 | Nasir ud din Muhammad Shah III (Muhammad III) | unknown | 20 January 1394 | 31 August 1390 | 20 January 1394 | Son of Firuz Shah Tughlaq |
23 | Ala ud-din Sikandar Shah | unknown | 8 March 1394 | 22 January 1394 | 8 March 1394 | Son of Nasir ud din Muhammad Shah III |
24 | Nasir-ud-din Mahmud Shah Tughluq | unknown | February 1413 | March 1394 | February 1413 | Son of Nasir ud din Muhammad Shah III |
– | Nasir-ud-din Nusrat Shah Tughluq | unknown | 1398 or 1399 | January 1395 | 1398 or 1399 | Brother of Tughluq Khan. Mahmud Shah's anti-king, claimant to the throne, sub-ruler. |
Sayyid dynasty (1414–1451)
S/N | Name | Birth date | Death date | Beginning of reign | End of reign | Notes |
25 | Khizr Khan | unknown | 20 May 1421 | 28 May 1414 | 20 May 1421 | |
26 | Mubarak Shah | unknown | 19 February 1434 | 21 May 1421 | 19 February 1434 | Son of Khizr Khan |
27 | Muhammad Shah (Muhammad IV) | unknown | January 1445 | February 1434 | January 1445 | Grandson of Khizr Khan |
28 | Alam Shah | unknown | July 1478 | January 1445 | 19 April 1451 | Son of Muhammad Shah |
Lodi dynasty (1451–1526)
S/N | Name | Birth date | Death date | Beginning of reign | End of reign | Notes |
29 | Bahlul Lodi | 1420 | 12 July 1489 | 19 April 1451 | 12 July 1489 | |
30 | Sikandar Lodi (Sikandar II) | 17 July 1458 | 21 November 1517 | 17 July 1489 | 21 November 1517 | Son of Bahlul Lodi |
31 | Ibrahim Lodi | 1480 | 21 April 1526 | November 1517 | 21 April 1526 | Son of Sikandar Lodi |
Family trees
Mamluk dynasty (1206-1290)
Mamluk dynasty |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Qutb ud-Din Aibak (1) r. 1206-1210 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Aram Shah (2) r. 1210-1211 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Shams ud-Din Iltutmish (3) r. 1211-1236 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Rukn ud-Din Firuz (4) r. 1236 | | Razia Sultana (5) r. 1236-1240 | | Muiz ud-Din Bahram (6) r. 1240-1242 | | Nasir ud-Din Mahmud (8) r. 1246-1266 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ala ud-Din Masud (7) r. 1242-1246 | | | | Ghiyath ud-Din Balban (9) r. 1266-1286 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Nasir ud-Din Bughra Khan | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Muiz ud-Din Qaiqabad (10) r. 1287-1290 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Shams ud-Din Kayumars (11) r. 1290 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Khalji/Khilji dynasty (1290-1320)
Khalji dynasty |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Yughrush | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Jalal ud-Din Khalji (12) r. 1290-1296 | | Shihab ud-Din Mas'ud | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ala ud-Din Khalji (13) r. 1296-1316 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Shihab ud-Din Omar (14) r. 1316 | | Qutb ud-Din Mubarak (15) r. 1316-1320 | | Khusrau Khan (16) r. 1320 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Tughluq dynasty (1320-1414)
Tughluq dynasty |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq I (17) r. 1320-1325 | | Malik Rajab | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Muhammad bin Tughluq (18) r. 1325-1351 | | Firuz Shah Tughlaq (19) r. 1351-1388 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Fateh Khan | | Zafar Khan | | | | Nasir ud-Din Muhammad (22) r. 1390-1394 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ghiyath ud-Din Tughluq II (20) r. 1388-1389 | | Abu Bakr Shah (21) r. 1389-1390 | | Ala ud-Din Sikandar (23) r. 1394 | | Nasir ud-Din Mahmud (24) r. 1394-1414 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Sayyid dynasty (1414-1451)
Sayyid dynasty |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Khizr Khan (25) r. 1414-1421 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Mubarak Shah (26) r. 1421-1434 | | Farid Khan | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Muhammad Shah (27) r. 1434-1445 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ala ud-Din Alam Shah (28) r. 1445-1451 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Lodi dynasty (1451-1526)
Lodi dynasty |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Bahlul Khan Lodi (29) r. 1451-1489 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Sikandar Khan Lodi (30) r. 1489-1517 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ibrahim Khan Lodi (31) r. 1517-1526 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Sources
- Dynastic Chart, [1] The Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 2, p. 368.
- "Sayyid dynasty". Encyclopedia Britannica.
- Lodī dynasty - Encyclopædia Britannica
- City List – Delhi Sultanate Rulers, First to Last
- The Delhi Sultanate : How Many Lists of Dynasties and Rulers Delhi Sultanate?
References
- ^ Delhi Sultanate, Encyclopedia Britannica
- ^ A. Schimmel, Islam in the Indian Subcontinent, Leiden, 1980
- ^ Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. pp. 68–102. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
- ^ Chapman, Graham. "Religious vs. regional determinism: India, Pakistan and Bangladesh as inheritors of empire." Shared space: Divided space. Essays on conflict and territorial organization (1990): 106-134.
- ^ "سلاطین دہلی - وجود". www.wujood.com (in Urdu). Retrieved 13 November 2023.
- ^ Smithsonian "TIMELINES OF EVERYONE" (1st ed.). U.S. U.K.: DK. 2020. p. 63. ISBN 9781465499967.
Other literature
- Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.