President George W. Bush (5th from left) and Dr. John Marburger (far right), director of the White House Office of Science and Technology , pose with the recipients of National Medal of Science, Monday, Feb. 13, 2004, in the White House. From left to right are Dr. Dennis Sullivan, Dr. Phillip Allen Sharp, Dr. Robert N. Clayton, Dr. Stephen J. Lippard, Dr. Kenneth Arrow, Dr. Norman Borlaug, Dr. Edwin N. Lightfoot and Dr. Thomas Starzl. The National Medal of Science is an honor bestowed by the President of the United States to individuals in science and engineering who have made important contributions to the advancement of knowledge in the following six fields: behavioral and social sciences, biology, chemistry, engineering, mathematics and physical sciences . The Committee on the National Medal of Science under the National Science Foundation (NSF) is responsible for recommending medal candidates to the President.
Behavioral and Social Science
Biological Sciences 1963—C. B. van Niel 1964—Theodosius Dobzhansky , Marshall Warren Nirenberg 1965—Francis Peyton Rous , George Gaylord Simpson , Donald Van Slyke 1966—Edward F. Knipling , Fritz Albert Lipmann , William Cumming Rose , Sewall Wright 1967—Kenneth Stewart Cole , Harry Harlow , Michael Heidelberger , Alfred Sturtevant 1968—Horace Barker , Bernard Beryl Brodie , Detlev Bronk , Jay Laurence Lush , B. F. Skinner [ 1] 1969—Robert Huebner , Ernst Mayr 1970—Barbara McClintock , Albert Sabin 1973—Daniel I. Arnon , Earl Wilbur Sutherland Jr. 1974—Britton Chance , Erwin Chargaff , James V. Neel , James A. Shannon 1975—Hallowell Davis , Paul Gyorgy , Sterling B. Hendricks , Orville Vogel 1976—Roger Guillemin , Keith R. Porter , Efraim Racker , E. O. Wilson 1979—Robert H. Burris , Elizabeth C. Crosby , Arthur Kornberg , Severo Ochoa , Earl Reece Stadtman , G. Ledyard Stebbins , Paul Alfred Weiss 1981—Philip Handler 1982—Seymour Benzer , Glenn W. Burton , Mildred Cohn 1983—Howard Bachrach , Paul Berg , Wendell L. Roelofs , Berta Scharrer 1986—Stanley Cohen, Donald Henderson , Vernon Benjamin Mountcastle , George Emil Palade , Joan A. Steitz 1987—Michael DeBakey , Theodor Otto Diener , Harry Eagle , Har Gobind Khorana , Rita Levi-Montalcini 1988—Michael Stuart Brown , Stanley Norman Cohen , Joseph L. Goldstein , Maurice Hilleman , Eric Kandel , Rosalyn Sussman Yalow 1989—Katherine Esau , Viktor Hamburger , Philip Leder , Joshua Lederberg , Roger Wolcott Sperry , Harland G. Wood 1990—Baruj Benacerraf , Herbert Boyer , Daniel E. Koshland Jr. , Edward B. Lewis , David G. Nathan , E. Donnall Thomas 1991—Mary Ellen Avery , G. Evelyn Hutchinson , Elvin A. Kabat , Robert Kates , Salvador Luria , Paul Marks, Folke K. Skoog , Paul Zamecnik 1992—Maxine Singer , Howard Martin Temin 1993—Daniel Nathans , Salome Gluecksohn-Waelsch 1994—Thomas Eisner , Elizabeth F. Neufeld 1995—Alexander Rich 1996—Ruth Patrick 1997—James Watson , Robert Weinberg 1998—Bruce Ames , Janet Rowley 1999—David Baltimore , Jared Diamond , Lynn Margulis 2000—Nancy Coover Andreasen , Peter H. Raven , Carl Woese 2001—Francisco J. Ayala , George Bass, Mario Capecchi , Ann Graybiel , Gene Likens , Victor A. McKusick , Harold E. Varmus 2002—James E. Darnell , Evelyn M. Witkin 2003—J. Michael Bishop , Solomon H. Snyder , Charles Yanofsky 2004—Norman Borlaug , Phillip Allen Sharp , Thomas Starzl 2005—Anthony Fauci , Torsten Wiesel 2006—Rita R. Colwell , Nina Fedoroff , Lubert Stryer 2007—Robert Lefkowitz , Bert W. O'Malley 2008—Francis Collins , Elaine Fuchs , Craig Venter 2009—Susan Lindquist , Stanley B. Prusiner 2010—Ralph L. Brinster , Rudolf Jaenisch 2011—Lucy Shapiro , Leroy Hood , Sallie W. Chisholm 2012—May Berenbaum , Bruce Alberts 2013—Rakesh Jain 2014—Stanley Falkow , Mary-Claire King , Simon A. Levin 2023—Gebisa Ejeta , Eve Marder , Gregory Petsko , Sheldon Weinbaum
Chemistry 1964—Roger Adams 1982—F. Albert Cotton , Gilbert Stork 1983—Roald Hoffmann , George C. Pimentel , Richard Zare 1986—Harry B. Gray , Yuan T. Lee , Carl Shipp Marvel , Frank Westheimer 1987—William Summer Johnson , Walter H. Stockmayer , Max Tishler 1988—William O. Baker , Konrad Emil Bloch , Elias James Corey 1989—Richard Barry Bernstein , Melvin Calvin , Rudolph A. Marcus , Harden M. McConnell 1990—Elkan Blout , Karl August Folkers , John D. Roberts 1991—Ronald Breslow , Gertrude B. Elion , Dudley R. Herschbach , Glenn T. Seaborg 1992—Howard Ensign Simmons Jr. 1993—Donald J. Cram , Norman Hackerman 1994—George S. Hammond 1995—Thomas Cech , Isabella Karle 1996—Norman Davidson 1997—Darleane C. Hoffman , Harold S. Johnston 1998—John W. Cahn , George M. Whitesides 1999—Stuart A. Rice , John Ross, Susan Solomon 2000—John D. Baldeschwieler , Ralph F. Hirschmann 2001—Ernest R. Davidson , Gábor A. Somorjai 2002—John Isaiah Brauman 2004—Stephen J. Lippard 2005—Tobin J. Marks 2006—Marvin H. Caruthers , Peter Dervan 2007—Mostafa El-Sayed 2008—Joanna Fowler , JoAnne Stubbe 2009—Stephen J. Benkovic , Marye Anne Fox 2010—Jacqueline Barton , Peter J. Stang 2011—Allen J. Bard , M. Frederick Hawthorne 2012—Judith Klinman , Jerrold Meinwald 2013—Geraldine L. Richmond 2014—Paul Alivisatos
Engineering Sciences 1962—Theodore von Kármán 1963—Vannevar Bush , John R. Pierce 1964—Othmar Ammann , Charles Stark Draper 1965—Hugh Latimer Dryden , Kelly Johnson, Warren K. Lewis 1966—Claude Shannon 1967—Edwin H. Land , Igor Sikorsky 1968—J. Presper Eckert , Nathan M. Newmark 1969—Jack Kilby 1970—George Mueller 1973—Doc Edgerton , Richard T. Whitcomb 1974—Rudolf Kompfner , Ralph Brazelton Peck , Abel Wolman 1975—Manson Benedict , Bill Pickering, Frederick Terman , Wernher von Braun 1976—Morris Cohen, Peter Carl Goldmark , Erwin Wilhelm Müller 1979—Emmett Leith , Raymond D. Mindlin , Robert Noyce , Earl R. Parker , Simon Ramo 1982—Ed Heinemann , Donald L. Katz 1983—Bill Hewlett , George Low , John G. Trump 1986—Hans W. Liepmann , Tung-Yen Lin , Bernard M. Oliver 1987—Robert Byron Bird , Harry Bolton Seed , Ernst Weber 1988—Daniel C. Drucker , Willis Hawkins , George W. Housner 1989—Harry George Drickamer , Herbert E. Grier 1990—Mildred Dresselhaus , Nick Holonyak 1991—George H. Heilmeier , Luna Leopold , Guyford Stever 1992—Calvin Quate , John Roy Whinnery 1993—Alfred Y. Cho 1994—Ray William Clough 1995—Hermann A. Haus 1996—James L. Flanagan , C. Kumar N. Patel 1998—Eli Ruckenstein 1999—Kenneth N. Stevens 2000—Yuan-Cheng Fung 2001—Andreas Acrivos 2002—Leo Beranek 2003—John Prausnitz 2004—Edwin N. Lightfoot 2005—Jan D. Achenbach 2006—Robert S. Langer 2007—David J. Wineland ,Andrew Viterbi 2008—Rudolf E. Kálmán 2009—Amnon Yariv 2010—Shu Chien 2011—John B. Goodenough 2012—Thomas Kailath 2023—Subra Suresh
Mathematical, Statistical, and Computer Sciences 1963—Norbert Wiener 1964—Solomon Lefschetz , Marston Morse 1965—Oscar Zariski 1966—John Milnor 1967—Paul Cohen 1968—Jerzy Neyman 1969—William Feller 1970—Richard Brauer 1973—John Tukey 1974—Kurt Gödel 1975—John Backus , Shiing-Shen Chern , George Dantzig 1976—Kurt Otto Friedrichs , Hassler Whitney 1979—Joseph L. Doob , Donald Knuth 1982—Marshall H. Stone 1983—Herman Goldstine , Isadore Singer 1986—Peter Lax , Antoni Zygmund 1987—Raoul Bott , Michael Freedman 1988—Ralph E. Gomory , Joseph Keller 1989—Samuel Karlin , Saunders Mac Lane , Donald C. Spencer 1990—George F. Carrier , Stephen Cole Kleene , John McCarthy 1991—Alberto Calderón 1992—Allen Newell 1993—Martin David Kruskal 1994—John Cocke 1995—Louis Nirenberg 1996—Richard M. Karp , Stephen Smale 1997—Shing-Tung Yau 1998—Cathleen Synge Morawetz 1999—Felix Browder , Ronald Coifman 2000—John G. Thompson , Karen Uhlenbeck 2001—C. R. Rao , Elias M. Stein 2002—James Glimm 2003—Carl R. de Boor 2004—Dennis Sullivan 2005—Bradley Efron 2006—Hyman Bass 2007—Leonard Kleinrock 2009—David Mumford 2010—Richard A. Tapia , S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan 2011—Solomon W. Golomb , Barry Mazur 2012—Alexandre Chorin , posthumous David Blackwell 2013—Michael Artin
Physical Sciences 1963—Luis Walter Alvarez 1964—Julian Schwinger , Harold Urey , Robert Burns Woodward 1965—John Bardeen , Peter Debye , Leon M. Lederman , William Walden Rubey 1966—Jacob Bjerknes , Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar , Henry Eyring, John Hasbrouck Van Vleck , Vladimir K. Zworykin 1967—Jesse Beams , Francis Birch, Gregory Breit , Louis Plack Hammett , George Kistiakowsky 1968—Paul Doughty Bartlett , Herbert Friedman , Lars Onsager , Eugene Wigner 1969—Herbert C. Brown , Pief Panofsky 1970—Robert H. Dicke , Allan Sandage , John C. Slater , John Archibald Wheeler , Saul Winstein 1973—Carl Djerassi , Maurice Ewing , Arie Jan Haagen-Smit , Vladimir Haensel , Frederick Seitz , Robert R. Wilson 1974—Nicolaas Bloembergen , Paul Flory , William Alfred Fowler , Linus Pauling , Kenneth Pitzer 1975—Hans Bethe , Joseph O. Hirschfelder , Lewis Hastings Sarett , Edgar Bright Wilson , Chien-Shiung Wu 1976—Samuel Goudsmit , Herbert S. Gutowsky , Frederick Rossini , Verner E. Suomi , Henry Taube , George Uhlenbeck 1979—Richard Feynman , Herman Francis Mark , Edward Mills Purcell , John H. Sinfelt , Lyman Spitzer , Victor Weisskopf 1982—Philip W. Anderson , Yoichiro Nambu , Edward Teller , Charles H. Townes 1983—Margaret Burbidge , Maurice Goldhaber , Helmut Landsberg , Walter Munk , Frederick Reines , Bruno Rossi , John Robert Schrieffer 1986—Solomon J. Buchsbaum , H. Richard Crane , Herman Feshbach , Robert Hofstadter , Yang Chen-Ning 1987—Philip Abelson , Walter M. Elsasser , Paul Lauterbur , George Pake , James Van Allen 1988—D. Allan Bromley , Paul Ching Wu Chu , Walter Kohn , Norman Ramsey Jr. , Jack Steinberger 1989—Arnold Beckman , Eugene Parker , Robert P. Sharp , Henry Stommel 1990—Allan MacLeod Cormack , Edwin McMillan , Robert Pound , Roger Revelle 1991—Arthur Leonard Schawlow , Edward C. Stone , Steven Weinberg 1992—Eugene Merle Shoemaker 1993—Val Logsdon Fitch , Vera Rubin 1994—Albert Overhauser , Frank Press 1995—Hans Georg Dehmelt , Peter Goldreich 1996—Wallace Smith Broecker 1997—Marshall Rosenbluth , Martin Schwarzschild , George Wetherill 1998—Don L. Anderson , John N. Bahcall 1999—James Cronin , Leo Kadanoff 2000—Willis Lamb , Jeremiah P. Ostriker , Gilbert F. White 2001—Marvin L. Cohen , Raymond Davis Jr. , Charles David Keeling 2002—Richard Garwin , W. Jason Morgan , Edward Witten 2003—Brent Dalrymple , Riccardo Giacconi 2004—Robert N. Clayton 2005—Ralph Asher Alpher , Lonnie Thompson 2006—Daniel Kleppner 2007—Fay Ajzenberg-Selove , Charles Pence Slichter 2008—Berni Alder , James Gunn 2009—Yakir Aharonov , Esther M. Conwell , Warren M. Washington 2011—Sidney Drell , Sandra Faber , Sylvester James Gates 2012—Burton Richter , Sean Solomon 2014—Shirley Ann Jackson 2023—Barry Barish , Myriam Sarachik
References
Citations ^ "The President's National Medal of Science: Recipient Details - NSF - National Science Foundation". www.nsf.gov .
Sources National Medal of Science - Recipient Search National Medal of Science (1962–2014) - List of all recipients, in alphabetical order National Medal of Science (1962–2014) - List of all recipients, in chronological order National Medals 2014 National Medals 2015 National Medals 2016
Behavioral and social science
1960s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s
Biological sciences
1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s
Chemistry
1960s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s
Engineering sciences
1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s
Mathematical, statistical, and computer sciences
1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s
Physical sciences
1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s