Kol language (Papua New Guinea)
Language isolate of Papua New Guinea
The Kol language is a language spoken in eastern New Britain island, Papua New Guinea. There are about 4000 speakers in Pomio District of East New Britain Province, mostly on the southern side of New Britain island.[2]
Kol appears to be a language isolate, though it may be distantly related to the poorly attested Sulka language or form part of the proposed East Papuan languages.[3]
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | p b | t | k g | |
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |
| Rhotic | r | |||
| Lateral | l | |||
| Fricative | s | |||
| Approximant | w | j |
/b, r/ can be realized as [β, d] as intervocalic allophones. /r/ is pronounced as [d] when following a nasal consonant.
Vowels
Kol displays vowel length contrast.
| Front | Back | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i iː | u uː | |
| Mid | e eː | o oː | |
| Low | æː | ɑ ɑː | ɒ ɒː |
Vocabulary
The following basic vocabulary words are from SIL field notes (1962, 1981), as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database:[5]
gloss Kol head ˈkel.a; kela keřne hair ˈkomɒ; komɔʔ kalɛane ear ˈbula; bula kɛřlɛ eye pelnɛl; ˈpenel nose taˈli:; tali keřne tooth ˈmire; mi̠řɛ kɛřnɛ tongue dal kɛřnɛ; raal leg pe:re louse ˈtare; ta̠řɛ dog kuˈɒ:; kwa pig bu bird ˈule; ulɛ egg ˈkondola; kondo̠la blood ˈbe:la bone ˈti:le skin tomalu gomo; toˈmolu breast ˈtombo; to̠to la̠nɛ tree ˈti:nel; ti̠nɛl man mo; tɒ: ˈti:niŋ woman daiƀɛ; ra:l sun ˈkarege; kařɛ̠qɛ moon ˈigu; i̠qu water ˈgonu; qu̠nu fire kuˈoŋ; kuɔŋ stone ˈlela; lɛla road, path kɛrɛa; ˈkeria name ˈole eat mo raŋ kal oŋ; tam·a one ˈpusuɒ; titus two tɛřɛŋ; teˈtepe
See also
References
- ^ Kol at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Eberhard, David M.; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D., eds. (2019). "Papua New Guinea languages". Ethnologue: Languages of the World (22nd ed.). Dallas: SIL International.
- ^ Dunn, Michael; Reesnik, Ger; Terrill, Angela (2002). "The East Papuan Languages: A Preliminary Typological Appraisal" (PDF). Oceanic Linguistics. 41 (1): 28–62. doi:10.1353/ol.2002.0019. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0013-1ADC-1. S2CID 143012930. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
- ^ a b Lindrud, Stellan (October 1992). Kol Language [KOL] East New Britain Province (PDF). Organised Phonology Data: SIL.
- ^ Greenhill, Simon (2016). "TransNewGuinea.org - database of the languages of New Guinea". Retrieved 2020-11-05.
External links
- Kol language word list at TransNewGuinea.org
- v
- t
- e
Papuan language families
(Palmer 2018 classification)
(Palmer 2018 classification)
subgroups
| Central Papua, Indonesia | |
|---|---|
| Southeast Papua, Indonesia | |
| Southwest Papua New Guinea | |
| Central Papua New Guinea | |
| Papuan Peninsula |
families and isolates
families and isolates
families and isolates
families and isolates
families and isolates
| Torricelli subgroups | |
|---|---|
| Sepik subgroups | |
| Ramu subgroups |
|
families and isolates
families and isolates
isolate
- West Papuan
- Northwest Papuan
- South Pauwasi
- East Papuan
- Southeast Papuan
- Papuan Gulf
- Binanderean–Goilalan
- Arai–Samaia
- Asmat–Mombum
- Trans-Fly–Bulaka River
- Trans-Fly
- Dani–Kwerba
- East Bird's Head – Sentani
- Kwomtari–Fas
- Left May – Kwomtari
- Tor–Kwerba–Nimboran
- West Trans–New Guinea
- West Papuan Highlands
- Central and South New Guinea
- Central West New Guinea
- East New Guinea Highlands
- Yele – West New Britain
- Sepik–Ramu
- Indo-Pacific
