Jafar Sultan revolt

Kurdish uprising in Iran (1931)

Jafar Sultan revolt

Date	Autumn 1931^[1]^[2]
Location	Hewraman, North-Western Iran
Result	Revolt suppressed

Belligerents

Jafar Sultan's Kurdish rebels

Iran

Commanders and leaders

Jafar Sultan

Haj Ali Razmara

Kurdish separatism in Iran

1918–1945

1st Simko
2nd Simko
Jafar Sultan
Hama Rashid

1945–1979

Republic of Mahabad
- 1946 crisis
1967 revolt

1979–present

1979 rebellion
KDPI insurgency
February 1999 Kurdish protests
PJAK insurrection
Mahabad riots
2016–present West Iran clashes
2018 Democrat Castle missile strike
September–October 2022 attacks on Iraqi Kurdistan
2024 Erbil attack

The Jafar Sultan revolt (Kurdish: شۆڕشی جەعفەر سوڵتان, Persian: شورش جعفر سلطان) refers to a Kurdish tribal revolt in Pahlavi Iran which erupted in 1931,^[1] and was one of the early tribal-nationalist Kurdish revolts against central Iranian rule during the early stage of Kurdish separatism in Iran.

Background

Jafar Sultan of Hewraman region took control of the area between Marivan and north of Halabja and remained independent until 1925. Jafar Sultan is seen as the ”head” of the royal sultan family (Lohoni, Lahoni) From 1927 to 1934 a number of Kurdish tribal uprisings erupted in the Hewraman and Meriwan regions.^[3] In 1926 Iranian forces fighting insurgents in the Pizhdar, Hewraman and Meriwan areas executed all prisoners in an unprecedented act of brutality, likely among the factors that caused 31 Kurdish chieftains in the region to ask for British protection.^[3]

References

^ ^a ^b Berch Berberoglu. Turmoil in the Middle East: Imperialism, War, and Political Instability. p86.
^ Gérard Chaliand. A People Without a Country: The Kurds and Kurdistan. p105,249.
^ ^a ^b David McDowall. A Modern History of the Kurds: Third Edition. p225.

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1910s	Italo-Turkish War World War I Middle Eastern theatre Battle of Robat Karim Arab Revolt Armenian genocide Assyrian genocide Mount Lebanon starvation Unification of Saudi Arabia Simko Shikak revolt 1919 Egyptian revolution Turkish War of Independence Anglo-Turkish War Al-Jazeera Front Greco-Turkish War Turkish–Armenian War Franco-Turkish War Revolts United States Mahmud Barzanji revolts
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