Canon de 105 mle 1913 Schneider
Canon de 105 mle 1913 | |
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Canon de 105 mle 1913 with rubber tires, in Batey ha-Osef Museum, Tel Aviv, Israel. | |
Type | Field gun |
Place of origin | France |
Production history | |
Designer | Schneider |
Manufacturer | Schneider |
No. built | ~France: 1,600 carriages ~2,000 barrels[1] Italy: 956[2] |
Specifications | |
Mass | Combat: 2,300 kg (5,071 lb) Travel: 2,650 kg (5,843 lb) |
Barrel length | 2.987 m (9 ft 10 in) L/28.4[3] |
Shell | 105 x 390mm R |
Shell weight | 15.7 kg (35 lb)[4] |
Caliber | 105 mm (4.134 in) |
Breech | interrupted screw |
Carriage | fixed trail |
Elevation | -5° to 37° |
Traverse | 6° |
Muzzle velocity | 550 m/s (1,805 ft/s) |
Maximum firing range | 12 km (7.45 mi) |
The Canon de 105 mle 1913 Schneider was a French artillery piece used in World War I and World War II by many European countries.
History
In the early 1900s, the French company Schneider began a collaboration with the Russian company Putilov. For this collaboration, it had developed a gun using the Russian 107 mm round, which was ordered by the Russian Army to be produced in Russia (though the initial batch of guns was made in France). Schneider then decided to modify the design for the French 105 mm (4.134 inches) round and offer it to France as well. Initially, the French army was not interested in this weapon as they already had plenty of 75 mm field guns. However, in 1913, the French army purchased a small number under the designation Canon de 105 mle 1913 Schneider; it was also known by the service designation L 13 S.[5]
The lighter 75 mm guns were of limited use against trenches; so, once the western front in World War I had settled down to trench warfare, the French army ordered large numbers of the L 13 S, which, with its larger 15.74 kg (34.7 lb) shell, was more effective against fortified positions and had a range of 12,000 metres (7.5 mi).
After the end of World War I, France sold or gave many Schneider 105 mm guns to various other countries, including Belgium, Italy, Poland, and Yugoslavia. In Italy, the 105 mm was re-designated the Cannone da 105/27 mod. 13 and saw service until 1943.[5] Guns were also produced under license in Italy, starting from September 1914, by Ansaldo.[6] Poland also used new model of Schneider's gun with a longer barrel and split trail, called the wz. 29, which was in fact a completely different weapon; both were in service at the beginning of WW II in 1939. In 1939 Poland had 118 of wz. 13 guns and 124 of wz. 29 guns, used in Heavy Artillery Detachments.[7]
Estonia used 3 1913 Schneiders on 3 railway artillery platforms in the Estonian Armored Train Regiment from 1934-1941.[8] The Estonian artillery pieces would later be captured and used by the USSR in the Second World War after the USSR invaded and occupied the Baltic States in 1940.[9]
The German conquests of Poland, Belgium, France, and Yugoslavia during World War II gave them large numbers of captured 105 mm Schneider guns. 854 L 13 S's were in service in France and a large number were captured. Many of these were installed in the Atlantic Wall system of coastal defenses.[5]
Finland was able to buy 12 of these guns from France during the Winter War; they also rebarreled six Russian 107mm Schnieders (four 1910 and two 1913 models) to 105mm. In addition, they were able to purchase 54 captured Polish Armata 105 mm wz. 29 Schneider guns from Germany.[10]
Designations
Because the gun was used by many countries, it had many official designations.[5]
- Canon de 105 mle 1913 Schneider - French designation
- 105 L - designation by French army during World War I
- The Italian designation was Cannone da 105/27 modello 1913, often shortened to Cannone da 105/27
- 105 mm armata wz. 13 and 105 mm armata dalekonośna wz. 29 were Polish designations for the original gun and a modernised version respectively
- German designations include:
- 10.5 cm K 331(f) for guns captured from France
- 10.5 cm K 333(b) for guns captured from Belgium
- 10.5 cm K 338(i) for guns captured from Italy
- 10.5 cm K 338(j) for guns captured from Yugoslavia
- 10.5 cm K 13(p) and 10.5 cm K 29(p) for guns captured from Poland
- 105 K/13, 105 K/10 and 105 K/29 were the Finnish designations for the guns. 105 K/13 was the original French Gun, 105 K/10 was the 107mm Russian Gun rebarrelled to 105mm, while 105 K/29 were Polish 105 mm wz. 29 Schneider guns (These were captured guns which had been sold to Finland by Germany).[10]
References
- ^ François, Guy (January 2013). "Le 105 L modèle 1913, l'élégant du Creusot". Histoire de Guerre, Bildés & Materiél (in French). No. 103. Paris: Histoire & Collection. pp. 27–37. Archived from the original on 2014-08-06.
- ^ "CANNONE DA 105/28 MODELLO 12". www.quartermastersection.com.
- ^ Chamberlain, Peter; Gander, Terry (1975). Light and Medium Field Artillery. World War Two Fact Files. New York: Arco. p. 16. ISBN 0668038209. OCLC 2067331.
- ^ Williams, Anthony G. "101-105 MM CALIBRE CARTRIDGES". www.quarryhs.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2015-02-26. Retrieved 2017-09-03.
- ^ a b c d Chris Bishop (2002). The Encyclopedia of Weapons of World War II. Sterling Publishing Company. p. 138. ISBN 978-1-58663-762-0.
- ^ 105mm_mle1913[permanent dead link]- Retrieved 2012-03-01
- ^ Konstankiewicz, Andrzej (2003). Broń strzelecka i sprzęt artyleryjski formacji polskich i Wojska Polskiego w latach 1914-1939, Lublin. pp. 250-266. ISBN 83-227-1944-2. (in Polish)
- ^ Salo, U (2005). Eesti kaitseväe valmisolek sõjaks ja vastupanuvõimalused 1939. aastal (PDF) (in Estonian). Tartu: University of Tartu.
- ^ Allandi, Harri (2007). Tapal paiknenud soomusrongirügement sõnas ja pildis 1923–1940 (in Estonian). Tapa: Trükk Pakett AS.
- ^ a b "ARTILLERY PART 4: Heavy Field Guns (105 mm - 155 mm)". jaegerplatoon.net. Archived from the original on 2010-12-16. Retrieved 2014-04-17.
- Artillery by Chris Chant, ISBN 1-84509-248-1, pages 31, 50-51.
External links
- Cannone da 105/28 on Italian Army website
- Comando Supremo
- Flames of war
- List and pictures of World War I surviving 105 Mle 1913 Schneider guns
- v
- t
- e
- Canon de 105 mle 1913 Schneider
- Canon de 155 court modèle 1904 Rimailho
- Canon de 120 mm modèle 1878
- Canon de 145 L modele 1916 Saint-Chamond
- Obusier de 155 mm C modèle 1881
- Obusier de 155 mm C modèle 1890
- Canon de 155 C modèle 1917 Schneider
- Canon de 155 C modèle 1915 St. Chamond
- Canon de 155 L modèle 1877/14 Schneider
- Canon de 155 L Modele 1917 Schneider
- Canon de 155 L modèle 1918 Schneider
- Canon de 155 mm GPF
- De Bange 155 mm cannon
- Canon de 220 L mle 1917
- Mortier de 220 modèle 1915/1916 Schneider
- Canon de 65 M modele 1906
- 75 mm Schneider-Danglis 06/09
- Canon Court de 105 M modele 1909 Schneider
- Canon de 120 L mle 1878 sur affût-truc Peigné-Canet-Schneider mle 1897
- Canon de 140 sur affut-truc mle 1884
- Obusier de 155 C mle 1881 sur affût-truc Peigné-Canet-Schneider mle 1897
- Materiel de 155 sur affut-truc Schneider
- Canon de 164 modèle 1893/96 TAZ
- Canon de 19 C modèle 1875
- Canon de 19 modèle 1870/93 TAZ
- Obusier de 200 "Pérou" sur affût-truck TAZ Schneider
- 24 cm Canon G modèle 1916
- Canon de 240 L Mle 1884
- Canon de 240 modèle 93/96 TAZ
- Canon de 274 modèle 93/96 Berceau
- Canon de 274 modèle 87/93 Glissement
- Canon de 305 modèle 93/96 TAZ
- Canon de 305 modèle 1893/96 à berceau
- Canon de 305 modèle 1893/96 à glissement
- Canon de 32 modèle 1870/81 à glissement
- Canon de 32 modèle 1870/84 à glissement
- Canon de 32 modèle 1870/93 à glissement
- Canon de 340 modèle 1893 à glissement
- Canon de 340 modèle 1912 à berceau
- Canon de 340 modèle 1912 à glissement
- Obusier de 370 modèle 1915 à berceau
- Canon de 370 modèle 75/79 Glissement
- Obusier de 400 Modèle 1915/1916
- Obusier de 520 modèle 1916
- Obusier de 120 mm C modèle 1890
- Canon de 120 mm modèle 1878
- Obusier de 155 mm C modèle 1881
- Obusier de 155 mm C modèle 1890
- Mortier de 220 mm modèle 1880
- Canon de 240 L Mle 1884
- Canon de 240 TR Mle 1903
- Mortier de 270 mm modèle 1885
- Mortier de 270 mm modèle 1889
- Mortier de 280 modèle 1914 Schneider
- Mortier de 293 Danois sur affut-truck modèle 1914
- Mortier de 370 modèle 1914 Filloux