Campos Novos Dam

The Campos Novos Dam (also known as Barragem de Campos Novos locally) is a hydroelectric dam in the Santa Catarina state in southern Brazil. In 2006, at 200 metres (660 ft) dam height, it was regarded^[who?] as the third highest^{[citation needed]} dam of this type (concrete-faced rock fill dam or CFRD) in the world, but, in June 2006, the water which it held back ran out following a break in the dam wall.

Built at a cost of $671 million USD, it is located on the Canoas River, Brazil. It is part of a hydro-electric complex intended to provide 880 MW (1,180,000 hp). A second dam is below this one, and together they can hold a little more than 2 cubic kilometers of water.

Campos Novos' 35 years build and operate concession was awarded in 1998. It is owned by Campos Novos Energia S.A. ("Enercan"), a consortium made up of Brazilian power company CPFL Energia (formerly Companhia Paulista de Força e Luz) with 48.7%, Brazilian aluminum maker Companhia Brasileira de Aluminio (CBA) with 22.7%, metallurgy company Companhia Niquel Tocantins (CNT) with 20%, state-controlled companies Companhia Estadual de Energia Elétrica ^[pt] (CEEE) with 6.5% and Centrais Elétricas de Santa Catarina S.A. ("Celesc") with 2%.

The dam builder was a consortium led by Brazilian construction company Camargo Corrêa and engineering consultants Engevix ^[pt]. Funding is by the Inter-American Development Bank and state-owned Brazilian Development Bank.

A major break caused the water to begin to run out, after a tunnel collapsed on 20 June 2006. The exact reasons for the cracking were unknown in July 2006, however it has been revealed that patches were begun on another tunnel in October 2005 before the recent tunnel failure.^[1][2]

Since the dam failure, a full inquiry for the reasons behind the cracks has been done, and a time-line of the dam's progression towards failure has been completed.^[3] Following this discovery, hidden by the partners of the project, it appeared that these companies had maltreated the local populations. An investigation into the human rights violations was launched by United Nations Organisation.^[2]

Camargo Corrêa re-plugged the tunnels in November 2006 and the reservoir was refilled by 1 March 2007. The last of the three generators went on-line on 30 April 2007.

• 
  Detour of the Canoas River, April 2005
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  3 pipes on the left to the turbines, 4 water outlets on the right, April 2005
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  inside the future storage lake, 3 months before damming
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  storage lake, March 2008
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  lower side of the power station, March 2008
• 
  March 2008

1. ^ Enormous new dam fails in Brazil, New Scientist, 2006-07-08
2. ^ ^{a b} Giant cracks appear in new Brazilian dam Archived 2008-08-22 at the Wayback Machine, Environment News Service, 2006-06-29
3. ^ Inquiry and Timeline Archived 2011-06-14 at the Wayback Machine