Berkanan
Name | Proto-Germanic | Old English | Old Norse | |
---|---|---|---|---|
*Berkanan | Beorc | Bjarkan | ||
"birch" | "birch"/"poplar"? | "birch" | ||
Shape | Elder Futhark | Futhorc | Younger Futhark | |
Unicode | ᛒ U+16D2 | ᛒ U+16D2 | ᛓ U+16D3 | |
Transliteration | b | |||
Transcription | b | |||
IPA | [β] | [b] | [b], [p] | |
Position in rune-row | 18 | 13 |
Berkanan is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the b rune ᛒ, meaning "birch". In the Younger Futhark it is called Bjarkan in the Icelandic and Norwegian rune poems. In the Anglo-Saxon rune poem it is called beorc ("birch" or "poplar"). The corresponding Gothic letter is 𐌱 b, named bairkan.
The letter shape is likely directly based on Old Italic 𐌁, whence comes also the Latin letter B.
The rune is recorded in all three rune poems:
Rune Poem:[1] | English Translation: |
Old Norwegian |
|
Old Icelandic |
|
Anglo-Saxon |
|
See also
- Elder Futhark
- Rune poem
- Beith (letter)
- Loki
- Bluetooth
References
- ^ Original poems and translation from the Rune Poem Page Archived 1999-05-01 at the Wayback Machine.
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24-type Fuþark
(ca. AD to 9th c.)
28-type Fuþorc
(ca. 5th c. to 9th c.)
33-type Fuþorc
(ca. 8th c. to 12th c.)
16-type Fuþark
(ca. 8th c. to 11th c.)
Stung Fuþark
(ca. 11th c. to 13th c.)
Medieval Fuþark
(ca. 13th c. to 16th c.)
1st types | – | ᚠ | ᚢ | ᚦ | ᚮ | ᚱ | ᚴ | ᛬ | ᚼ | ᚿ | ᛁ | ᛆ | ᛋ | ᛬ | ᛐ | ᛒ | ᛘ | ᛚ | ᛦ | ||||||||||||||||||
f | u w | þ | o | r | k q | h x | n | i j | a | s | t | b | m | l | y | ||||||||||||||||||||||
2nd types | – | ᚡ | ᚤ | ᚧ | ᚰ | ᚵ | ᚾ | ᛂ | ᛅ | ᛍ | ᛑ | ᛔ | ᛛ | ᛨ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
v | y v | ð | ǫ å | g | n | e | ä | c z | d | p | ʟ | y | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
3rd types | – | ᚯ | ᚶ | ᛀ | ᛎ | ᛕ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ö | ng | ɴ | z c | ᴘ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
4th types | – | ᛪ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alphabetical amalgamation | – | ᛆ | ᛒ | ᛍ ᛎ | ᛑ | ᚧ | ᛂ | ᚠ | ᚵ | ᚶ | ᚼ | ᛁ | ᛁ | ᚴ | ᛚ | ᛛ | ᛘ | ᚿ ᚾ | ᛀ | ᚮ | ᚰ | ᛔ | ᛕ | ᚴ | ᚱ | ᛋ | ᛐ | ᚦ | ᚢ | ᚡ ᚤ | ᚢ | ᚴᛋ ᛪ ᚼ | ᚤ ᛦ ᛨ | ᛎ ᛍ | ᚰ | ᛅ | ᚯ |
a | b | c | d | ð | e | f | g | ŋ | h | i | j | k | l | ʟ | m | n | ɴ | o | ǫ | p | ᴘ | q | r | s | t | þ | u | v | w | x | y | z | å | ä | ö |
Dalecarlian alphabet
(ca. 16th c. to 20th c.)
- See also
- Runic inscriptions interactive map
- Runic inscriptions
- Rune Poems
- Runestones
- Runic magic
- Modern runic writing
- Pseudo-runes
- Staveless runes
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